Antiviral Agents Flashcards
what makes viruses resistant to drugs
AA substitutions in viral proteins
effective agents usually target a viral protein
Anti herpetic Agents
Acyclovir Famcyclovir Valacyclovir Cidofovir foscarnet
idoxuridine
vidarabine
Tx influenza
inhibit entry
( influenza A)
Amantadine
Rimantadine
Tx influenza
inhibit exit
(influenza A + B)
peramivir
zanamivir (intranasal)
oseltamivir
Tx RSV
ribavirin
palivizumab
Tx Aids
NRTIS
(end in)
- dine
lamivudine Zidovudine stavudine didanosine tenofovir (NucleoTIDE-- so doesnt need phosphorylation) abacabir emtricitabine
Tx Aids
NNRTIs
Efavirenz
delavirdin
neviparine
etravirine
Tx AIDs
protease inhibitors
(end in)
- navir
mechanism of NRTIS
Target
nucleoside reverse transcripase inhibitors
- base analog that binds to same exact site as original base and inhibits elongation of DNA strand
nucleoSIDE inhibitors need to be phosphorylated to be activated
Target DNA polymerase (rna dependent DNA polymerase)
Tx Aids *
entry inhibitor
Maravirok —
Tx Aids
fusion inhibitor
enfuvirtide
Tx aids
integrase strand transfer inhibitors
(end in)
- gravir
tx Hep B
NRTIs (BC hep B has a reverse transcription step)
- telbivudine
- lamivudine
IFN a
Tx HPV
immiquimod- topical
gardasil vaccine
Tx Hep C
INF a INF a2b Ribavurun polymerase inhibitor protease inhibitor
Tx Hep C (direct acting antivirals)
polymerase inhibitor
protease inhibitor
polymerase inhibitor: Ns5a sofosbuvir
protease inhibitor: Ns3/4a simepravir
acyclovir
type
mechanism
guanine nucleoside analoque
inhibits viral DNA polymerase***
acyclovir tx
- HSV I II
- VZV
- CMV prophylaxis in transplant patient
inhibits viral DNA polymerase***
idoxuridine and trifluridine tx
hsv keratitis
keratoconjunctivitis
inhibits viral DNA polymerase***
vidarabine tx
HSV keratitis
inhibits viral DNA polymerase***
ganciciclovir tx
CMV retinitis in immunocompromised pt
acyclovir resistant HSV
CMV prophylaxis in immunocompromised pt
foscarnet mech
inorganic pyrophosphate inhibits viral rna polymerase , dna polymerase and RT
foscarnet tx
CMV retinitis in immunocompromised
ribavirin type
purine nucleoside analog
tx RSV Hep C
Zidovudine
NRTI
base analog that is phosphorylated by thymidine kinase
adverse effects of NRTIs
granulocytopenia and anemia (bone marrow suppresion)
special about tenofovir and adenovir
NucleoTIDE analogs– dont need t be phosphorylated
mechanism of NNRTIs
bind on viral RT in an area near to NRTIS (allosteric site) dont need phosphorylation to be active
mechanism of protease inhibitors
HiV aspartate protease inhibitor
inhibits cleavage of protein precursors that generate structural proteins and enzymes of virus (that are used in the packing of new virus)
protease inhibitors (aids) contraindicated with>?
RIFAMPIN
For non specific viral infections what do you give
INF a INF B
Referon wellferon intron A
Mechanism of Hep C direct acting antivirals
Stop replication viA inhibition of RNA polymerase (rna directed rna polymerase
Ribavirin mechanism
Prevents capping of viral mrna
Amantadine
Rimantadine
mechanism
preventing uncoating via inhibition of M2 protein (heme agluttininn mediated)
Peramavir
Oseltamivir
Zanamivir
mechanism
inhibit neuraminidase thats important for viral replication
Palimizuvab
mechanism
- (monoclonal antibody- against F glycoprotein of RSV surface)
Maravirok
mechanism
binds to the CCR5 coreceptor on host (CD4) (with gp 120)
preventing binding and entry of virus into CD4 cell
Entry inhibitor
Enfuvirtide
mechanism
binds to GP41 [makes the envelope] preventing the binding/ fusion of HIV to cellular membrane
Fusion inhibitor
Immiquimod
Mechanism
immune response modifier – just destroys warts (hpv)
