cephalosporins

Question 1

what is the advantage of a cephalosporin

Answer 1

its more resistant to b lactamase- has broader spectrum of activity

ITS THE DRUG OF CHOICE FOR KLEBSIELLA INFECTIONS*

Question 2

what is the only cephalosporin reactive to MRSA

Answer 2

5th gen: Ceftaroline fosamil***

Question 3

what CANT cephalosporins tx

Answer 3

CANT TX LISTERIA OR C DIFF

- Tx with ampicillin/ penicillin G

Question 4

first generation ceph

Answer 4

cephalexin
cefazolin
cefadroxil

Question 5

second generation ceph

Answer 5

cefprozil
cefuroxime
cefoxitin
cefotetan

Question 6

third generation ceph

Answer 6

ceftriaxone 
cefotaxime
ceftadizime
cefdinir
cefixime

Question 7

fourth gen ceph

Answer 7

cefepime

Question 8

fifth gen ceph

Answer 8

ceftaroline fosamil

Question 9

spectrum first gen

Answer 9

Gram + cocci ( staph, strep, pneumococci)
*
RESISTANT TO STAPHYLOCOCCAL PENICILLINS!
gram - bacilli ( proteus, E coli, Klebsiella)

Question 10

most prescribed cephalosporin

Answer 10

cephalexin (1 egn)

Question 11

cefazolin drug of choice for

Answer 11

surgical prophylaxis, orthopedic surgery and alternative for mild penicillin allergy that needs tx for bacterial endoxarditis

Question 12

routes first gen ceph

Answer 12

cephalexin PO
cefazolin IV
cefadroxil PO

Question 13

Second gen spectrum

Answer 13

1 gen
- Gram + cocci ( staph, strep, enterococci)
- gram - bacilli ( proteus, E coli, Klebsiella)
2 gen
- more gram - (moraxella, HIB)

Question 14

which is most prescribed 2nd gen ceph

Answer 14

cefprozil

Question 15

Cefoxitin

Cefotetan xtra bacteria

Answer 15

• bacteroides
• c. perfingens
• GONORRHEA (backup)

Question 16

routes 2nd gen ceph

Answer 16

cefprozil PO
cefuroxime PO
ceflacor PO
cephamycins ( cefoxitin cefotetan) IV

Question 17

Third gen spectrum

Answer 17

1 gen
- Gram + cocci ( staph, strep, enterococci)
- gram - bacilli ( proteus, E coli, Klebsiella)
2 gen
- more gram - (moraxella, HIB)
3 gen
- more gram - ( neisseria pseudomonas)

Question 18

which third gen can cross bbb

Answer 18

ceftriaxone
cefotaxime
ceftaxidine

Question 19

which third gen can tx step pneumo resistant to penicillin

Answer 19

ceftriazone

cefotaxime

Question 20

ceftriaxone first line for

Answer 20

bacterial meningitis HIB**
N. gonorrhea
H. Ducrei-- Chanchroid 
typhoid fever- salmonella 
penicillin resistan strep pneumo

Question 21

cefotaxime tx

Answer 21

bacterial meningitis HIB
n. gonorrhea
penicillin resistant strep pneumo

Question 22

Importance of ceftazidime

Answer 22

only 3rd gen for pseudomonas***

+ metronidazole tx bacteroides

Question 23

cefixime tx

Answer 23

n. gonorrhea

Question 24

cefdinir

Answer 24

most common 3rd gen
community acquired pneumonia
strawberry susp

Question 25

4th gen ceph tx

Answer 25

cefepime

BEST to tx enterobacter* due to increased resistant to b lactamase hydrolysis
also crosses CNS

Question 26

4th gen bacteria

Answer 26

1 gen
- Gram + cocci ( staph, strep, enterococci)
- gram - bacilli ( proteus, E coli, Klebsiella)
2 gen
- more gram - (moraxella, HIB)
3 gen
- more gram - ( neisseria pseudomonas)
4 gen
- (enterobacter bacteroides serratia citrobacter?)

Question 27

fifth generation

special?

Answer 27

ONLY B LACTAM THAT CAN TX MRSA
ONLY CEPH THAT CAN TX ENTEROCOCCI
VRSA MRSA VISA

Question 28

Main mode of resistance for cephalosporins

Answer 28

enzymatic inactivation via cephalosporinase

Question 29

pharmacokinetics

which ones tx meningitis

Answer 29

ceftriaxone cefotaxime ceftazidine (3rd)

cefepime (4th)

Question 30

what prolings duration of activity of ceph

Answer 30

probenecid

Question 31

which cephs not excreted by kidney***

Answer 31

ceftriaxone- excreted by bile

can be given in people with decreased renal function

Question 32

adverse effect of cephs

cephotetan adverse effect

Answer 32

allergic and hypersensitivity rxn–
cefotetan-
- disulfiram reaction— inhibits metabolism of alcohol, causing buildup of aldehyde also metronidazole

Question 33

use for first gen ceph

Answer 33

UTI
skin soft tissue infection
resp tract infection- strep throat

Question 34

ceftriaxone combinations to tx

• meningitis
• penicillin resistnt strep pneumo

Answer 34

meningitis: ceftriaxone and ampicillin (listeria)

strep pneumo: ceftriaxone and vancomycin