cell wall inhibitors NOT b lactams

Question 1

Cell wall inhibitors NOT b lactams

Answer 1

bacitracin
vancomycin 
cycloserine 
daptomycin
fosfomycin 
polymyxins

Question 2

what is the difference between b lactams and not b lactams

Answer 2

b lactams- inhibit cross linking of cell wall by cross peptidation

not b lactams- inhibit polymerization of glycan chain

Question 3

bacitracin
type
use

Answer 3

cyclic peptide mixture
used topically bc systemically– nephrotoxicity

GRAM + only

Question 4

bacitracin drugs

Answer 4

neosporin

polysporin

Question 5

vancomycin
type
mechanism

Answer 5

trycyclic glycopeptide

inhibits polymerization and cross linking of cell wall AND inhibits cell membrane formation

Question 6

Vancomycin Spectrum

Answer 6

GRAM + ONLY!

Question 7

vancomycin bacteria tx

Answer 7

MRSA*
C diff resistant to metronidazole
penicillin resistant strep pneumo

Question 8

Vancomycin use

Answer 8

Endocarditis due to MRSA
antibiotic colitis due to C diff overgrowth
(like in hospital setting)

Question 9

uses of vancomycin in combination with other drugs
For enterocolitis
For meningitis

Answer 9

Enterocolitis: vancomycin and Gentamicin
meningitis: vancomycin and ceftriaxone

Question 10

form of resistance of vancomycin

Answer 10

altered target site VRSA

reduced drug permeability VISA

Question 11

kinetics of vancomycin

Answer 11

IV: slow infusion to prevent histamine release
PO: to tx staph or C diff

Question 12

Side effects of vancomycin

Answer 12

shock due to histmamine release (due to rapid infusion)

ototoxicity nephrotoxicity in renal pt

Question 13

daptomycin
type
mechanism

Answer 13

cyclic lipopeptide

interacts with bacterial cell membrane leading to formation of pores— leak K – depolarization – death

Question 14

daptomycin

SPECTRUM

Answer 14

ONLY GRAM + BACTERIA!!
[which are resistant to vancomycin and methicillin]

But NO S. Pneumo

Question 15

which of non b lactams are gram + only

Answer 15

bacitracin
vancomycin
daptomycin

Question 16

daptomycin

spectrum

Answer 16

staph
strep
enterococcus 
MRSA 
VRSA
VRE

BUT NOT PNEUMOCOCCAL

Question 17

why isnt daptomycin used to tx pneumococcal *infections

Answer 17

bc surfactant INACTIVATES daptomycin in lungs!!!

Question 18

fosfomycin

spectrum

Answer 18

Gram + and Gram -

Question 19

fosfomycin Tx(bacteria) 
use

importance?

Answer 19

E coli and Enterococcus faecalis
- UTIS / acute cystitis

safe to give during pregnancy [R fluoroquinolines like cipro CI in prego}

Question 20

cycloserine

mechanism

Answer 20

incorporates d ala into cell wall

Question 21

cycloserine used to tx

Answer 21

tuberculosis

2nd line after (RIPE) resistance

Question 22

cycloserine effects

Answer 22

CNS toxicity peripheral neuropathies tremors psychosis

Question 23

polymycin B

spectrum

Answer 23

ONLY AEROBIC GRAM - RODS

Question 24

bacitracin spectrum

Answer 24

GRAM + ONLY

Question 25

Polymycin Mechanism

Answer 25

detergent- binds to cell membrane and punches holes, leading to cell lysis and death

Question 26

components of neosporin

Answer 26

bacitracin (gram +)
neomycin (staph)
polymycin B (aeronib Gram -)

Question 27

components of polysporin

Answer 27

bacitracin (+)
polymyxin B (-)

no neomycin cause it can be allergic