Musculoskeletal Disorders Flashcards
Osgood-Schlatter disease and toxic synovitis are considered what kind of disorders?
inflammatory
What is characterized by inflammation of the tibial tubercle as a result of repetitive stressors in patients with immature skeletal development and is associated with a rapid growth spurt?
Osgood-Schlatter disease
What is the peak age for osgood-schlatter disease?
11-14 years
What does management of osgood-schlatter consist of?
limiting activity, knee immobilizers
What is a self-limiting inflammation of the hip, which is most likely due to a viral of immune cause?
toxic synovitis
At what age is toxic synovitis most common?
2-6 years
What is characterized by a painful limp, unilateral involvement, insidious onset, and internal rotation causes spasm?
toxic synovitis
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease and Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) are considered what kind of disorders?
non-inflammatory
What is characterized by aseptic or avascular necrosis of the femoral head?
legg-calve-perthes disease
Who is legg-calve-perthes disease most common in?
Caucasian males, ages 4-9
What is characterized by an insidious onset of limp with knee pain that migrates up to the groin?
legg-calve-perthes disease
When is aggressive treatment for legg-calve-perthes disease recommended?
when more than one half femoral head is involved and in children over the age of 6
What is described by limited passive internal rotation (PIR) and abduction of the hip joint?
legg-calves-perthes disease
What is characterized by spontaneous dislocation of the femoral head (capital epiphysis) both downward and backward relative to the femoral neck and secondary to disruption of the epiphyseal plate?
slipped capital femoral epiphysis
What is more common in obese adolescents with sedentray lifestyles?
slipped capital femoral epiphysis
What is characterized by pain in the groin and, when acute onset, pain will be severe and cause inability to ambulate or move hip?
slipped capital femoral epiphysis
How is slipped capital femoral epiphysis diagnosed?
radiographs
What is the management of slipped capital femoral epiphysis?
referral to ortho, no ambulation permitted, and monitor other hip for same problem
Genu varum
Bowleg
When is genu varum no longer considered a normal variant?
2 years
When should you refer a patient with genu varum to ortho?
continues after the age of 2, it’s unilateral, or becomes progressively worse when they start to walk
Genu valgum
knock-knee
When does genu valgum typically evolve to normal alignment?
7 years
What is Adam’s forward bend test looking for?
scoliosis
When should scoliosis be referred?
if painful or curve greater than 25 degrees
What is a progressive genetic disorder beginning in the lower extremities and progressing to the upper extermities and torso?
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
What is the most common inherited neuromuscular disease in children?
duchenne MD
What is the average age of diagnosis for duchenne MD?
3-5 years
What is characterized as abnormalities in gait and posture, developmental clumsiness, inability to keep up with developing peers, and positive Gower’s maneuver?
duchenne MD
When a child “walks” hands up legs to attain standing position when getting up what is this called?
Gower’s maneuver
What is diagnostic for duchenne MD?
DNA analysis of gene
What is markedly elevated (15,000 to 35,000IU/L) in affected males with duchenne MD?
creatinine kinase
Fracture line extends through physis
Salter I - slipped
Fracture line extends through both the physis and metaphysis - most common fracture
Salter II - above
Intra-articular fracture extending from the physis into the epiphysis
Salter III - lower
Intra-articular fracture pasing through the epiphysis, physis, and metaphysis
Salter IV - through/transverse
Fracture that is rare and associated with severe crushing or compression injury that extends through epiphysis and physis
Salter V - rammed/ruined
Which fractures require closed reduction and casting or splinting?
salter I and II
Which fractures require open reduction internal fixation?
salter III and IV
What is a common injury in young children resulting from swimming or pulling child’s arm with radial head subluxation?
nursemaid elbow
When a child holds their arm across the body with their thumb up and refuses to use the affected arm, what are they experiencing?
nursemaid elbow
