Hematological Issues and Disorders Flashcards
The expression of the average volume and size of individual erythrocytes.
mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
Normocytic
80-100
The expression of the average hemoglobin concentration or proportion of each RBCs occupied by Hgb as a percentage.
mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
“color” of a RBC
mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
Normochromic
32-36%
With iron-deficiency anemia, the red cell distribution width (RDW) is what?
increased
With thalassemia, the red cell distribution width (RDW) is what?
normal, or slightly increased
With anemia of chronic disease, the red cell distribution width (RDW) is what?
normal
The number of new, young RBCs in circulation, expressed as a percentage.
reticulocyte count
Index of bone marrow health and response to anemia.
reticulocyte count
What is a normal reticulocyte count?
1-2%
What type of anemia are IDA, thalassemia, and lead poisoning classified as in children?
microcytic/hypochromic
What type of anemia are ACD, acute blood loss, and early IDA classified as?
normocytic, normochromic
What is the most common age for IDA?
toddlers
What can happen in toddlerhood as a result of increased reliance on whole milk at the expense of solid foods?
iron-deficiency anemia
For what condition is pica a symptom of?
iron-deficiency anemia
In what condition would you have the following lab values: low Hgb/Hct, low MCV, low MCHC, low RBCs, serum ferritin <30
iron-deficiency anemia
What helps increase the absorption of iron?
orange juice
In IDA, what dose of elemental iron should be given until Hgb normalizes?
3-6mg//kg/day in 1-3 doses
In IDA, what dose of elemental iron should be given to replace iron stores?
2-3mg/kg/day for 4 months
A group of hereditary disorders that are characterized by abnormal sythesis of alpha (four genes) and beta (two genes) globin chains, where one or more of each gene can be missing
thalassemia
This disorder is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, meaning both parents have to carry for it to be passed on to children.
thalassemia
In what condition would you have the following lab values: low Hgb, low MCV, low MCHC, increase Retic count, increase ferritin, increase T bili
thalassemia
What is diagnostic for thalassemia?
hemoglobin electrophersis
What is a type of anemia in which abnormal hemoglobin (due to DNA point mutation) leads to chronic hemolytic anemia?
sickle cell anemia
What is an autosomal recessive disorder in which Hgb S develops instead of Hgb A?
sickle cell anemia
Does a person who carries the sickle cell trait (Hgb AS) have symptoms typicaly?
no
What level is considered lead poisoning?
> 5
What are burtonian lines (bluish discoloration of gingival border) indicative of?
lead poisoning
At what level is chelation therapy indicated in lead poisoning?
45-69
At what level would you refer to a hematologist for lead poisoning?
10-14
What type of leukemia accounts for about 75% of cases, with peak incidence around age 4?
acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
What type of leukemia accounts for about 20% of all leukemia and occurs primarily in infants and older children?
acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
What lab finding is present in about 85% of leukemia cases?
thrombocytopenia (low platelet level)
