Dermatological Disorderd and Communicable Diseases Flashcards
What 3 things need to be used each time you describe a rash?
morphology, configuration, and distribution
a flat discoloration (e.g. freckles, petechiae)
macule
an elevated, firm lesion >1cm
nodule
a flat discoloration that looks as though it is a collection of multiple, tiny pigment changes (e.g. mongolian spot, cafe au lait spot)
patch
a firm, elevated lump
tumor
a small (<1cm), elevated, firm skin lesion (e.g. mole, wart)
papule
a lesion raised above the surface and extending a bit below the epidermis, which can be an allergic reaction (e.g. PPD test, mosquito bites)
wheal
a scaly, elevated lesion, which is the classic lesion in psoriasis
plaque
a small (<1cm) pus-filled lesion (e.g. acne, impetigo)
pustule
a small (<1cm) lesion filled with serous fluid (e.g. herpes simplex, chicken pox, herpes zoster)
vesicle
a pus-filled lesion >1cm
abcess
a serous-filled vesicle >1cm (e.g. burns, superficial blister)
bulla
large, raised lesions filled with serous fluid, blood, and pus
cyst
What is a primary lesion?
what did the lesion look like when it first appeared
What is a seconday lesion?
What the lesion looks like after the primary lesion
individual or distinct lesions that remain separate
solitary or discrete lesions
rash following a scratch, streak, line, or stripe pattern
linear
rash in a linear cluster
grouped
rash in a circular pattern, beginning in the center and spreading to the periphery
annular
lesions that run together
confluent
term used to describe a rash where annular lesions merge
polycyclic
What is a polymorphic skin disorder characterized by comedones, papules, pustules, and cysts?
acne
What are open comedones?
blackheads
What are closed comedones?
whiteheads
What % of benzoyl peroxide should be used in mild acne?
2.5 - 10%
In mild acne that doesn’t respond to benzoyl peroxide, what can be used next?
retinoic acid (0.025% to 0.1%) or tretinoin
What is used to treat moderate acne?
systemic antibiotics - doxycycline 100mg, erythromycin, minocycline
tinea capitus
scalp
tinea cruris
jock itch
tinea corporis
body ringworm
tinea manuum and tinea pedis
athlete’s foot
tinea versicolor
hypo/hyperpigmentation macules on limbs
What is the primary treatment for fungal infections?
griseofulvin 20mg/kg/day for 6 weeks
With chickenpox, how long are infected individuals conagious for before outbreak and after outbreak?
48 hours and until lesions have crusted over
What is described as erythematous macule followed by papules and then vesicles that erupt?
chickenpox
What is a common, benign viral skin infection where the lesions frequently disappear on their own in a few weeks to a few months and are not easily treated?
molluscum contagiosum
What is the best way to stop molluscum contagiousum from spreading?
prevent scratching and touching of the lesions
What is a chronic skin condition characterized by intense itching along a typical pattern of distribution with periods of remission and exacerbation?
atopic dermatitis (eczema)
What is a secondary skin condition associated with atopic dermatitis?
dry, leathery, and lichenified skin
What is a common, benign, hyperproliferative inflammatory skin disorder (acute or chronic) based on genetic predisposition where the epidermal turnover time is reduced from 14 days to 2 days?
psoriasis
With what skin condition are the lesions described as red, sharply defined plaques with silvery scales?
psoriasis
With psoriasis, what are droplets of blood when scales are removed called?
auspitz’s sign
What is a mild, acute inflammatory disorder which is usually self-limiting, lasting 3-8 weeks, has an initial lesion known as a “herald patch,” and a pruritic rash in a christmas tree pattern?
pityriasis rosea
What is a generally mild infection caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci?
scarlet fever
What infection presents in the first 1-2 days as a fever, exudative pharyngitis, and a swollen tongue with white exudate and/or red papillae?
scarlet fever
What skin infection presents with a rash 12-48 hours after fever described as confined, bright red, flat blotches that progress into widespread sandpaper-like papillae?
scarlet fever
What is the pharmceutical management of scarlet fever?
10-14 day course of penicillin or amoxicillin
What is a bacterial infection of the skin typically caused by gram positive strep or staph aureus organisms that is known for its classic honey crusted lesions?
impetigo
How long before a child with impetigo can return to school and other activities?
48 hours of treatment
What would you think if a patient presented with interdigital lesions?
scabies
What is the treatment for scabies?
permethrin 5% rinse (1st treatment stays on for 8-14 hours followed by a 2nd treatment in one week)
What is the treatment for pinworms?
pyrantel (OTC) or mebendazole or albendazole (Rx)
What is the most common vector-borne disase in the United States?
lyme disease
What are the symptoms in the first stage of lyme disease?
flu-like symptoms, erythema migrans
What is a flat or slightly raised red lesion that expands over several days but has central clearing?
erythema migrans
What screening is used to detect antibodies to B. burgdorferi in lyme disease?
ELISA screening
What diagnostic test in confirmatory in lyme disease?
western blot assay
What are the white dots w/ red around them on the inside of the mouth called and what are they associated with?
koplik’s spots; rubeola
What is another word for rubeola?
ordinary measles
What is another word for erythema infectiosum?
fifth disease
What virus causes fifth disease?
human parvovirus B19
What presents with a “slapped cheek” appearance and lacy reticular exanthema?
fifth disease (erythema infectiosum)
What is a highly contagious viral illness resulting in ulceration and inflammation of the soft palate and papulovesicular exanthem on the hands and feet?
coxsackie virus (aka, hand foot and mouth disease)
What is a highly contagious viral infection primarily affecting the salivary glands (parotitis) causing puffy cheeks and a tender, swollen jaw?
mumps
