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PNP Exam > Dermatological Disorderd and Communicable Diseases > Flashcards

Dermatological Disorderd and Communicable Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 things need to be used each time you describe a rash?

A

morphology, configuration, and distribution

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2
Q

a flat discoloration (e.g. freckles, petechiae)

A

macule

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3
Q

an elevated, firm lesion >1cm

A

nodule

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4
Q

a flat discoloration that looks as though it is a collection of multiple, tiny pigment changes (e.g. mongolian spot, cafe au lait spot)

A

patch

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5
Q

a firm, elevated lump

A

tumor

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6
Q

a small (<1cm), elevated, firm skin lesion (e.g. mole, wart)

A

papule

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7
Q

a lesion raised above the surface and extending a bit below the epidermis, which can be an allergic reaction (e.g. PPD test, mosquito bites)

A

wheal

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8
Q

a scaly, elevated lesion, which is the classic lesion in psoriasis

A

plaque

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9
Q

a small (<1cm) pus-filled lesion (e.g. acne, impetigo)

A

pustule

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10
Q

a small (<1cm) lesion filled with serous fluid (e.g. herpes simplex, chicken pox, herpes zoster)

A

vesicle

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11
Q

a pus-filled lesion >1cm

A

abcess

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12
Q

a serous-filled vesicle >1cm (e.g. burns, superficial blister)

A

bulla

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13
Q

large, raised lesions filled with serous fluid, blood, and pus

A

cyst

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14
Q

What is a primary lesion?

A

what did the lesion look like when it first appeared

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15
Q

What is a seconday lesion?

A

What the lesion looks like after the primary lesion

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16
Q

individual or distinct lesions that remain separate

A

solitary or discrete lesions

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17
Q

rash following a scratch, streak, line, or stripe pattern

A

linear

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18
Q

rash in a linear cluster

A

grouped

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19
Q

rash in a circular pattern, beginning in the center and spreading to the periphery

A

annular

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20
Q

lesions that run together

A

confluent

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21
Q

term used to describe a rash where annular lesions merge

A

polycyclic

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22
Q

What is a polymorphic skin disorder characterized by comedones, papules, pustules, and cysts?

A

acne

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23
Q

What are open comedones?

A

blackheads

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24
Q

What are closed comedones?

A

whiteheads

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25
Q

What % of benzoyl peroxide should be used in mild acne?

A

2.5 - 10%

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26
Q

In mild acne that doesn’t respond to benzoyl peroxide, what can be used next?

A

retinoic acid (0.025% to 0.1%) or tretinoin

27
Q

What is used to treat moderate acne?

A

systemic antibiotics - doxycycline 100mg, erythromycin, minocycline

28
Q

tinea capitus

A

scalp

29
Q

tinea cruris

A

jock itch

30
Q

tinea corporis

A

body ringworm

31
Q

tinea manuum and tinea pedis

A

athlete’s foot

32
Q

tinea versicolor

A

hypo/hyperpigmentation macules on limbs

33
Q

What is the primary treatment for fungal infections?

A

griseofulvin 20mg/kg/day for 6 weeks

34
Q

With chickenpox, how long are infected individuals conagious for before outbreak and after outbreak?

A

48 hours and until lesions have crusted over

35
Q

What is described as erythematous macule followed by papules and then vesicles that erupt?

A

chickenpox

36
Q

What is a common, benign viral skin infection where the lesions frequently disappear on their own in a few weeks to a few months and are not easily treated?

A

molluscum contagiosum

37
Q

What is the best way to stop molluscum contagiousum from spreading?

A

prevent scratching and touching of the lesions

38
Q

What is a chronic skin condition characterized by intense itching along a typical pattern of distribution with periods of remission and exacerbation?

A

atopic dermatitis (eczema)

39
Q

What is a secondary skin condition associated with atopic dermatitis?

A

dry, leathery, and lichenified skin

40
Q

What is a common, benign, hyperproliferative inflammatory skin disorder (acute or chronic) based on genetic predisposition where the epidermal turnover time is reduced from 14 days to 2 days?

A

psoriasis

41
Q

With what skin condition are the lesions described as red, sharply defined plaques with silvery scales?

A

psoriasis

42
Q

With psoriasis, what are droplets of blood when scales are removed called?

A

auspitz’s sign

43
Q

What is a mild, acute inflammatory disorder which is usually self-limiting, lasting 3-8 weeks, has an initial lesion known as a “herald patch,” and a pruritic rash in a christmas tree pattern?

A

pityriasis rosea

44
Q

What is a generally mild infection caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci?

A

scarlet fever

45
Q

What infection presents in the first 1-2 days as a fever, exudative pharyngitis, and a swollen tongue with white exudate and/or red papillae?

A

scarlet fever

46
Q

What skin infection presents with a rash 12-48 hours after fever described as confined, bright red, flat blotches that progress into widespread sandpaper-like papillae?

A

scarlet fever

47
Q

What is the pharmceutical management of scarlet fever?

A

10-14 day course of penicillin or amoxicillin

48
Q

What is a bacterial infection of the skin typically caused by gram positive strep or staph aureus organisms that is known for its classic honey crusted lesions?

A

impetigo

49
Q

How long before a child with impetigo can return to school and other activities?

A

48 hours of treatment

50
Q

What would you think if a patient presented with interdigital lesions?

A

scabies

51
Q

What is the treatment for scabies?

A

permethrin 5% rinse (1st treatment stays on for 8-14 hours followed by a 2nd treatment in one week)

52
Q

What is the treatment for pinworms?

A

pyrantel (OTC) or mebendazole or albendazole (Rx)

53
Q

What is the most common vector-borne disase in the United States?

A

lyme disease

54
Q

What are the symptoms in the first stage of lyme disease?

A

flu-like symptoms, erythema migrans

55
Q

What is a flat or slightly raised red lesion that expands over several days but has central clearing?

A

erythema migrans

56
Q

What screening is used to detect antibodies to B. burgdorferi in lyme disease?

A

ELISA screening

57
Q

What diagnostic test in confirmatory in lyme disease?

A

western blot assay

58
Q

What are the white dots w/ red around them on the inside of the mouth called and what are they associated with?

A

koplik’s spots; rubeola

59
Q

What is another word for rubeola?

A

ordinary measles

60
Q

What is another word for erythema infectiosum?

A

fifth disease

61
Q

What virus causes fifth disease?

A

human parvovirus B19

62
Q

What presents with a “slapped cheek” appearance and lacy reticular exanthema?

A

fifth disease (erythema infectiosum)

63
Q

What is a highly contagious viral illness resulting in ulceration and inflammation of the soft palate and papulovesicular exanthem on the hands and feet?

A

coxsackie virus (aka, hand foot and mouth disease)

64
Q

What is a highly contagious viral infection primarily affecting the salivary glands (parotitis) causing puffy cheeks and a tender, swollen jaw?

A

mumps

PNP Exam (18 decks)

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