GU and GYN Issues and Disorders Flashcards
Enuresis where children have never established control.
primary enuresis
Enuresis where a child has been dry for more than 6-12 months and begin wetting.
secondary enuresis
Incontinence during sleep.
nocturnal enuresis
Enuresis that occurs during waking hours.
diurnal enuresis
In childhood, what are UTIs typically caused by (80-90%)?
E. coli
What would you see in UA on a child with a UTI?
leukocytes, erythrocytes, nitrite
When should you get a renal US after the first UTI?
febrile infants and/or children 2-24 months
What is common in male newborns and occurs when fluid collects in the thin sheath that surrounds the testicles?
hydrocele
Which type of hydrocele may require surgical intervention?
communicating hydrocele (open to the abdomen)
What is the absence of one or both testes from the scrotal sac due to failure to descend from abdomen in utero?
cryptorchidism (undescended testes)
When should you refer an undescended teste to urology?
if not yet descended at 1 year of age
What age does testicular torsion most often occur?
10-20
What would you think of if pain is not relieved by elevating the scrotum and if affected test has a “high lie?”
testicular torsion
What is the most common bacterial STD in the United States?
chlamydia
What is the most common cause of cervicitis and urethritis in adolescents?
chlamydia
What is the most common age for chlamydia?
14-24
What is the treatment for chlamydia?
azithromycin 1 gram orally in a single dose
What is the leading cause of infertility among females?
gonorrhea
What kind of discharge can you expect on a female with gonorrhea?
copious amounts of mucopurulent vaginal discharge
What are you culturing on Thayer-Martin or Transgrow media?
cervical culture for gonorrhea
What is the management for gonorrhea?
Ceftriaxone IM single dose and azithromycin 1 gram for one dose (to cover chlamydia)
A sexually transmitted disease involving multiple organ systems and caused by treponema pallidum.
syphillis
In what clinical stage of syphillis would you see indurated and painless chancre?
primary
In what clinical stage of syphillis would you see flu-like symptoms and a generalized mucopapular rash (especially on the palms and soles)?
secondary
What are the screening tests for syphillis?
non-treponemal antibody tests: venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) and/or the rapid plasma reagin (RPR)
What is the pharmaceutical management for syphillis?
benzathine penicillin G
What would you expect to see in bacterial vaginosis?
malodorous “fishy” discharge
What infection would you see clue cells on a wet mount?
bacterial vaginosis
What is the treatment for bacterial vaginosis?
metronidazole, clindamycin
What is the primary postnatal vertical route of transimission for AIDS?
breastfeeding
What screening is used for AIDS in older children?
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
How is AIDS confirmed?
western blot test
