Endocrine Issues and Disorders

Question 1

What is considered diagnostic for T1DM?

Answer 1

serum fasting glucose greater than or equal to 126 on two separate occasions

Question 2

What is it called when nocturnal hypoglycemia stimulates a surge of counter regulatory hormones that raise blood sugar (e.g. this patient is hypoglycemic at 3am and rebounds with an elevated blood sugar at 7am)?

Answer 2

somogyi effect

Question 3

What is it called when tissue becomes desensitized to insulin nocturnally, and blood sugar gets progressively higher throughout the night and is elevated at 7am?

Answer 3

dawn phenomenon

Question 4

What is one difference between T1DM and T2DM?

Answer 4

With T2DM, it is not linked to human keukocyte antigen system (HLA) and no islet cell antibodies are identified

Question 5

What are acanthuses nigricans, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and polycystic ovarian disease all associated with?

Answer 5

T2DM

Question 6

What does the thyroid gland affect?

Answer 6

metabolism and HR

Question 7

If the thyroid is hyperactive, then you can expect what?

Answer 7

high metabolism and high HR

Question 8

What is a type of hyperthyroidism?

Answer 8

Graves’ disease

Question 9

Is hyperthyroidism more common in males or females?

Answer 9

females

Question 10

What is the age of onset for hyperthyroidism?

Answer 10

12-14 years

Question 11

What disease is represented by the following lab values: decreased T3/T4, increased TSH?

Answer 11

hypothyroidism

Question 12

What disease is represented by the following lab values: increased T3/T4, decreased TSH?

Answer 12

hyperthyroidism

Question 13

What is the most sensitive test for hyperthyroidism?

Answer 13

TSH (will be decreased)

Question 14

What other lab value is typically elevated with hyperthyroidism?

Answer 14

serum antinuclear antibodies (ANA)

Question 15

What are the two types of hypothyroidism?

Answer 15

congenital and juvenile aquired

Question 16

What is another name for juvenile acquired hypothyroidism?

Answer 16

hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Question 17

When thinking of the signs/symptoms of hypothyroidism, what is a good thing to think about?

Answer 17

old ladies (weakness, muscle fatigue, cold intolerance, constipation, dry skin, thinning hair, brittle nails, etc.)

Question 18

What is defined as short stature?

Answer 18

height falling > 2 standard deviations below the mean