musculoskeletal diseases Flashcards
___ most commonly affects the distal radius, proximal humerus, and distal femur
osteosarcomas
osteosarcomas can be ____ and have an aggressive ___
fatal ; treatment
diagnosis of osteosarcomas includes radiographs of
the affected area and the thorax
treatment of osteosarcomas includes
amputation, chemotherapy, radiation, and pain control
___ involves the muscles of mastication
masticatory myositis
reluctance to eat, pain, and muscle atrophy are signs of _______
masticatory myositis
treatment of masticatory myositis includes
steroids
_____ has a lifetime treatment
masticatory myositis
____ is typically secondary to trauma which involves tearing of the joint capsule and round ligament
hip luxations
acute non weight bearing, lameness, and swelling over the hip are signs of
hip luxations
diagnosis of hip luxations include
radiographs
_____ reduction = manual replacement
closed
_____ reduction = surgery to replace
open
the prognosis of this disease is dependent on the amount of injury
hip luxations
____ is the most common cause of chronic pain in dogs
OA
majority of cases of this dz are diagnosed between 8-13 y/o
OA
clinical signs of OA include
lameness, joint swelling muscle atrophy, and crepitation
diagnosis of OA includes
clinical signs / signalment / Rads
pain management of OA
nsaids, opioids, steriods
surgery for tx of OA
joint fusion, joint replacement amuptation
this dz is predictable but always progressive
OA
Greenstick fx
incomplete
transverse fx
fx at a right angle to axis
comminuted fx
bone is in pieces
oblique fx
break is curved
salter harris fx
fx to growth plate
healing time for a puppy with a fx
6-9 weeks
healing time for an adult with a fx
8-12 weeks
treatment of fx depends on
the type, location, and if it is closed or open
_____ is the most common cause of injury to the stifle and major cause of DJD
cruciate ligament injury
clinical signs of cruciate ligament injury include
non wt bearing, acute, may have joint swelling
diagnosis of an cruciate ligament injury includes
positive cranial drawer sign, and tibial compression test
treatment of ______ includes lateral fabella-tibial procedure, TPLO, TTA
cruciate ligament injury
TPLO
tibial plateau leveling osteotomy
TTA
tibial tuberosity advancement
osteochondrosis dissecans
a pathological condition, normal endochondral ossification is disturbed - aseptic necrosis of a cartilaginous flap causes failure of ossification
the only sign for OCD is
lameness
large / giant breed when growing rapildy, to much stress on a joint and a possible nutritional cause, are all causes of
OCD - osteochondrosis dissecans
___ is a common dz that causes intermittent lameness and an onset of 6-8 months
panosteins
signs of panosteins includes
shifting leg lameness, anorexia, pyrexia, wt loss, and reluctance to move
how do you diagnose panosteins
pain with palpation of long bones, rads
the treatment for this dz is pain control as it is usually self limiting
panosteins
one thing to education clients about with panosteins
flare ups are common
this dz occurs in fast growing large and giant breeds, causes a decreased blood flow to metaphysis, and leads to failure of ossification
hypertrophic osteodystophy
possible causes of hypertrophic osteodystophy include
excessive calcium intake, CDV, recent vac
one main clinical sign of hypertrophic osteodystophy includes
hunched back
treatment for this dz includes NSAIDS and hospitalization for supportive care
hypertrophic osteodystophy
70 -80% of these are medial luxations, and most are congenital
patellar luxations
clinical signs of patellar luxations includes
intermittent gait problems, sudden problem
one way to diagnose patellar luxations is to
palpate the knee while flexed
surgical correction of this disease is typically only done with a grade greater than 2/4
patellar luxations
____ is the #1 disease of the canine hip
hip dysplasia
causes of hip dysplasia includes
genetics, increased muscle mass when developing bone, failure of the soft tissues to keep th femur in the acetabulum
signs of this dz include: difficulty rising, stiffness that goes away w exercise, muscle atrophy, pain upon manipulation
hip dysplasia
OFA (orthopedic foundation for animals)
diagnosis for Hip dysplasia
___ treatment for hip dysplasia includes moderate exercise, weight control, nsaids, and nutriceuticals
conservative
_____ treatment for hip dysplasia includes FHO, total hip replacement
surgical
_____ is a progressive dz
hip dysplasia
legg calve perthes (LCP)is
aseptic necrosis of the femoral head
this dz commonly occurs in small breeds and some cats
LCP
signs for LCP include:
limping, pain and muscle atrophy, and young animal
the only diagnostic for LCP
radiographs
removal of the femoral head / neck
treatment for LCP
LCP results when _____ which results in ____
the blood supply to the femoral head is interrupted : avascular necrosis
___ is believed to be an inherited dz
Legg calve perthes
