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Module 5 > hematology / immunology AP > Flashcards

hematology / immunology AP Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 main functions of blood

A

transportation, regulation, defense

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2
Q

what is contained in the liquid portion of blood

A

plasma

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3
Q

what makes up the cellular portion of blood

A

erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes

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4
Q

what is the main function of erythrocytes

A

carry oxygen

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5
Q

what is the main function of thrombocytes

A

prevent leaks from damaged blood vessels

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6
Q

what are the 2 types of leukocytes

A

granular and agranular

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7
Q

what is responsible for the production of all blood cells

A

hematopoiesis

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8
Q

fetal production of blood cells occur primarily in what two organs

A

liver and spleen

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9
Q

where does blood cell production occur in neonates

A

red bone marrow

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10
Q

in older animals, where is most of the red bone marrow found

A

at the ends of long bones and flat bones

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11
Q

which of the leukocytes will you see the most of in the dog, cat, horse

A

neutrophil

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12
Q

what is the function of neutrophils

A

phagocytosis

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13
Q

in a neutrophilic action, the cytoplasmic granules secrete ____ into the vacuole of the microorganism

A

lysosomes

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14
Q

what are 2 reasons for eosinophilia

A

inflammatory response, parasites

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15
Q

what are the 3 types of lymphocytes

A

t cells, b cells, natural killer cells

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16
Q

what are the 4 functions of the lymphatic system

A

removal of excess tissue fluid, waste material transport, filtration of the lymph and protein transport

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17
Q

what does the lymph consist of

A

blood cells, nutrients, hormones

18
Q

lymph from the digestive system is called

A

chyle

19
Q

if there is an inadequate lymph drainage to an area, the interstitial fluid can build up causing

A

edema

20
Q

what is the largest lymphoid organ in the body

A

spleen

21
Q

the ___ is the most prominent lymphoid organ in young animals. it produces ___

A

thymus - t cells

22
Q

___ prevent the spread of infection into the respiratory and digestive systems

A

tonsils

23
Q

give an example of a first line defense external innate immunity

A

normal flora / skin

24
Q

give an example of a first line defense of internal non specific immunity response

A

inflammation / lysozyme

25
Q

which immune system is responsible for wound healing

A

nonspecific / innate

26
Q

what do NK cells do

A

destroys tumor cells and tissue that have been invaded by viruses

27
Q

what is the protein that is produced one a cell has been infected by a virus and inhibits the spread of that virus

A

interferon

28
Q

what are some signs of nonspecific immunity

A

swelling, edema, redness, heat, mucus

29
Q

___ are produced from a humoral immune response

A

immunoglobulins

30
Q

____ are produced in a cell mediated immune response

A

lymphokines

31
Q

what is IgM and what does it do

A

immunoglobulin - made when animal is exposed to antigen for the first time

32
Q

what is associated with an elevated IgE

A

allergic response

33
Q

antibodies that are produced by a mother and passed to the fetus transplacentally is an example of __ immunity

A

passive

34
Q

___ is the antibody rich milk ingested in the first 24 hours after birth

A

colostrum

35
Q

exposure to antigens that trigger an animals own immune response is known as ___ immunity

A

active

36
Q

type 1 reaction

A

the most severe, antigens bind to IgE antibodies on basophils and mast cells

37
Q

type 2 reaction

A

the animals own immune system is the cause of the disease rather than the cure

38
Q

type 3 reaction

A

occurs when an antibody and an antigen bind and form an immune complex

39
Q

type 4 reaction

A

caused by intracellular pathogens and are accompanied by inflammation

40
Q

what immunoglobulin is made during the first exposure to an antigen

A

IgM

Module 5 (18 decks)

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