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Module 5 > musculoskeletal AP > Flashcards

musculoskeletal AP Flashcards

1
Q

____ = reticular fibers and thick collagen fibers that surround the fascicles

A

perimysium

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2
Q

the multi-unit smooth muscle cells are found in the ___ of mammals and ______

A

iris ; walls of small blood vessels

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3
Q

___ are groups of muscle fibers

A

fascicles

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4
Q

the two types of smooth muscles that can be found in the body are ___and ____

A

visceral ; multiunit

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5
Q

the correct term for growth plates is ____ plates

A

epiphyseal

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6
Q

where would you find a parallel (strap) muscle arrangement

A

abdomen

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7
Q

which muscle cell type is multi nucleated

A

skeletal

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8
Q

which portion of muscle has the most stable attachment and undergoes minimal movement during muscle contraction

A

orgin

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9
Q

_____ is the membrane that covers that outer surface of all bones

A

periosteum

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10
Q

_____ are fibrous connective tissue bands that attach to both ends of a muscle

A

tendons

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11
Q

____ can build up if there is not enough oxygen supply to the muscles

A

lactic acid

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12
Q

____ = muscle group that increases the angle of a joint

A

extensor

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13
Q

the ____ is the basic contracting unit of skeletal muscles

A

sarcomere

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14
Q

_____ = fine, reticular fibers that surround each muscle fiber

A

endomysium

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15
Q

_____ = fibrous connective tissue layer that is composed of tough collagen fibers and surrounds groups of muscle fascicles

A

epimysium

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16
Q

a ___ is a hole in a bone. it may contain blood vessels and or nerves

A

foramen

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17
Q

___ type of bone has tiny spicules of bones that appear randomly arranged

A

cancellous

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18
Q

the ____ is the first cervical vertebrae and the __ is the second cervical vertebrae

A

atlas ; axis

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19
Q

a ___ is a depressed area on the surface of a bone

A

fossa

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20
Q

___ are channels through the bone matrix that contain blood vessels

A

volkmann canals

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21
Q

once surrounded by bone, osteoblasts are called

A

osteocytes

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22
Q

red bone marrow is responsible for forming ___. it is mainly found in ___ animals

A

blood cells ; young

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23
Q

which muscle site undergoes the most movement during muscle contraction

A

insertion

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24
Q

yellow bone marrow is primarily composed of ____ connective tissue. it is the main bone marrow type of ____

A

adipose ; adult animals

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25
Q

___ are the cells responsible for remodeling and removing bone

A

osteoclasts

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26
Q

what are the four basic bone shapes

A

long, short, flat, irregular

27
Q

____ = muscle group that decreases the angle of a joint

A

flexor

28
Q

which type of muscle is responsible for moving the skeleton and is under voluntary control

A

skeletal muscle

29
Q

____ are cells that produce bone

A

osteoblasts

30
Q

_____ = muscle group that pulls a limb toward the midline

A

adductors

31
Q

___ are projections off a bone surface. an example would be the spine on the scapula

A

processes

32
Q

the ____ generates the impulse that starts each heartbeat. it is located in the wall of the

A

SA node ; right atrium

33
Q

____ and ___ are the two types of bone structure / density

A

cancellous ; compact

34
Q

where would you find intramembranous bone formation

A

certain skull bones, fibrous tissue membranes that cover the brain in the developing fetus

35
Q

what supplies the muscle fibers with their blood vessels and nerve supply

A

connective tissue

36
Q

what are the three different types of muscle that can be found in the body

A

skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscle

37
Q

what is the all or nothing principle

A

when stimulated an individual muscle fiber contracts completely or not at all

38
Q

how does shivering increase heat production

A

spasmodic muscle contraction

39
Q

what are the functions of bone

A

support, protect, leverage, storage, and blood cell formation

40
Q

where do you find compact bone

A

shafts of long bones and the outside layer of all bones

41
Q

in growing bone, where does lengthening take place

A

epiphyseal plate

42
Q

what muscle is called nonstriated voluntary muscle

A

smooth

43
Q

An animal with 7 cervical, 13 thoracic, and 6 lumbar, 3 sacral vertebrae USUALLY has this many pairs of ribs:

A

13

44
Q

at the site of a fracture these cells move in to lay down new bone

A

osteoblast

45
Q

what type of bone covers the shaft of long bones and the outer layer of all types of bones

A

compact bone

46
Q

the caudal end of the sternum of dogs is also referred to as the

A

xyphoid

47
Q

which of the following bone tissues contain an internal meshwork of trabeculae with spaces that are filled with bone marrow

A

cancellous bone

48
Q

what type of muscle is referred to as voluntary striated muscle

A

skeletal

49
Q

which type of cells make up bone

A

osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts

50
Q

smooth muscle can be found in the

A

stomach

51
Q

involuntary striated muscle

A

cardiac

52
Q

what muscle fiber arrangement has fascicle going in several different angular directions

A

multipenate

53
Q

osteoclasts are responsible for

A

remodeling bone

54
Q

what produces synovial fluid:
fibrous layer of joint capsule, synovial structures, hyaline cartilage, ligaments

A
55
Q

incomplete glucose breakdown that occurs during anaerobic metabolism can cause this byproduct

A

lactic acid

56
Q

what cells have multiple nuclei

A

skeletal

57
Q

the fibrous covering around the part of bone not present on articular cartilage

A

periosteum

58
Q

ribs whose ventral ends terminate in muscles of the thoracic walls are called

A

floating ribs

59
Q

the femoral condyle is located ___ to the head of the femur in a horse

A

distal

60
Q

the scapula is an example of a

A

flat bone

61
Q

where would you find visceral smooth muscle

A

diaphragm, intercostal spaces, urinary bladder

62
Q

an example of an irregular bone is

A

ulna, cervical vertebrae 1, metacarpal 3

63
Q

what structure connects muscle to bone

A

tendons

64
Q

shivering is a method of producing heat to warm the body

A

true

Module 5 (18 decks)

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