musculoskeletal AP

Question 1

____ = reticular fibers and thick collagen fibers that surround the fascicles

Answer 1

perimysium

Question 2

the multi-unit smooth muscle cells are found in the ___ of mammals and ______

Answer 2

iris ; walls of small blood vessels

Question 3

___ are groups of muscle fibers

Answer 3

fascicles

Question 4

the two types of smooth muscles that can be found in the body are ___and ____

Answer 4

visceral ; multiunit

Question 5

the correct term for growth plates is ____ plates

Answer 5

epiphyseal

Question 6

where would you find a parallel (strap) muscle arrangement

Answer 6

abdomen

Question 7

which muscle cell type is multi nucleated

Answer 7

skeletal

Question 8

which portion of muscle has the most stable attachment and undergoes minimal movement during muscle contraction

Answer 8

orgin

Question 9

_____ is the membrane that covers that outer surface of all bones

Answer 9

periosteum

Question 10

_____ are fibrous connective tissue bands that attach to both ends of a muscle

Answer 10

tendons

Question 11

____ can build up if there is not enough oxygen supply to the muscles

Answer 11

lactic acid

Question 12

____ = muscle group that increases the angle of a joint

Answer 12

extensor

Question 13

the ____ is the basic contracting unit of skeletal muscles

Answer 13

sarcomere

Question 14

_____ = fine, reticular fibers that surround each muscle fiber

Answer 14

endomysium

Question 15

_____ = fibrous connective tissue layer that is composed of tough collagen fibers and surrounds groups of muscle fascicles

Answer 15

epimysium

Question 16

a ___ is a hole in a bone. it may contain blood vessels and or nerves

Answer 16

foramen

Question 17

___ type of bone has tiny spicules of bones that appear randomly arranged

Answer 17

cancellous

Question 18

the ____ is the first cervical vertebrae and the __ is the second cervical vertebrae

Answer 18

atlas ; axis

Question 19

a ___ is a depressed area on the surface of a bone

Answer 19

fossa

Question 20

___ are channels through the bone matrix that contain blood vessels

Answer 20

volkmann canals

Question 21

once surrounded by bone, osteoblasts are called

Answer 21

osteocytes

Question 22

red bone marrow is responsible for forming ___. it is mainly found in ___ animals

Answer 22

blood cells ; young

Question 23

which muscle site undergoes the most movement during muscle contraction

Answer 23

insertion

Question 24

yellow bone marrow is primarily composed of ____ connective tissue. it is the main bone marrow type of ____

Answer 24

adipose ; adult animals

Question 25

___ are the cells responsible for remodeling and removing bone

Answer 25

osteoclasts

Question 26

what are the four basic bone shapes

Answer 26

long, short, flat, irregular

Question 27

____ = muscle group that decreases the angle of a joint

Answer 27

flexor

Question 28

which type of muscle is responsible for moving the skeleton and is under voluntary control

Answer 28

skeletal muscle

Question 29

____ are cells that produce bone

Answer 29

osteoblasts

Question 30

_____ = muscle group that pulls a limb toward the midline

Answer 30

adductors

Question 31

___ are projections off a bone surface. an example would be the spine on the scapula

Answer 31

processes

Question 32

the ____ generates the impulse that starts each heartbeat. it is located in the wall of the

Answer 32

SA node ; right atrium

Question 33

____ and ___ are the two types of bone structure / density

Answer 33

cancellous ; compact

Question 34

where would you find intramembranous bone formation

Answer 34

certain skull bones, fibrous tissue membranes that cover the brain in the developing fetus

Question 35

what supplies the muscle fibers with their blood vessels and nerve supply

Answer 35

connective tissue

Question 36

what are the three different types of muscle that can be found in the body

Answer 36

skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscle

Question 37

what is the all or nothing principle

Answer 37

when stimulated an individual muscle fiber contracts completely or not at all

Question 38

how does shivering increase heat production

Answer 38

spasmodic muscle contraction

Question 39

what are the functions of bone

Answer 39

support, protect, leverage, storage, and blood cell formation

Question 40

where do you find compact bone

Answer 40

shafts of long bones and the outside layer of all bones

Question 41

in growing bone, where does lengthening take place

Answer 41

epiphyseal plate

Question 42

what muscle is called nonstriated voluntary muscle

Answer 42

smooth

Question 43

An animal with 7 cervical, 13 thoracic, and 6 lumbar, 3 sacral vertebrae USUALLY has this many pairs of ribs:

Answer 43

13

Question 44

at the site of a fracture these cells move in to lay down new bone

Answer 44

osteoblast

Question 45

what type of bone covers the shaft of long bones and the outer layer of all types of bones

Answer 45

compact bone

Question 46

the caudal end of the sternum of dogs is also referred to as the

Answer 46

xyphoid

Question 47

which of the following bone tissues contain an internal meshwork of trabeculae with spaces that are filled with bone marrow

Answer 47

cancellous bone

Question 48

what type of muscle is referred to as voluntary striated muscle

Answer 48

skeletal

Question 49

which type of cells make up bone

Answer 49

osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts

Question 50

smooth muscle can be found in the

Answer 50

stomach

Question 51

involuntary striated muscle

Answer 51

cardiac

Question 52

what muscle fiber arrangement has fascicle going in several different angular directions

Answer 52

multipenate

Question 53

osteoclasts are responsible for

Answer 53

remodeling bone

Question 54

what produces synovial fluid: fibrous layer of joint capsule, synovial structures, hyaline cartilage, ligaments

Question 55

incomplete glucose breakdown that occurs during anaerobic metabolism can cause this byproduct

Answer 55

lactic acid

Question 56

what cells have multiple nuclei

Answer 56

skeletal

Question 57

the fibrous covering around the part of bone not present on articular cartilage

Answer 57

periosteum

Question 58

ribs whose ventral ends terminate in muscles of the thoracic walls are called

Answer 58

floating ribs

Question 59

the femoral condyle is located ___ to the head of the femur in a horse

Answer 59

distal

Question 60

the scapula is an example of a

Answer 60

flat bone

Question 61

where would you find visceral smooth muscle

Answer 61

diaphragm, intercostal spaces, urinary bladder

Question 62

an example of an irregular bone is

Answer 62

ulna, cervical vertebrae 1, metacarpal 3

Question 63

what structure connects muscle to bone

Answer 63

tendons

Question 64

shivering is a method of producing heat to warm the body

Answer 64

true