musculoskeletal AP Flashcards
____ = reticular fibers and thick collagen fibers that surround the fascicles
perimysium
the multi-unit smooth muscle cells are found in the ___ of mammals and ______
iris ; walls of small blood vessels
___ are groups of muscle fibers
fascicles
the two types of smooth muscles that can be found in the body are ___and ____
visceral ; multiunit
the correct term for growth plates is ____ plates
epiphyseal
where would you find a parallel (strap) muscle arrangement
abdomen
which muscle cell type is multi nucleated
skeletal
which portion of muscle has the most stable attachment and undergoes minimal movement during muscle contraction
orgin
_____ is the membrane that covers that outer surface of all bones
periosteum
_____ are fibrous connective tissue bands that attach to both ends of a muscle
tendons
____ can build up if there is not enough oxygen supply to the muscles
lactic acid
____ = muscle group that increases the angle of a joint
extensor
the ____ is the basic contracting unit of skeletal muscles
sarcomere
_____ = fine, reticular fibers that surround each muscle fiber
endomysium
_____ = fibrous connective tissue layer that is composed of tough collagen fibers and surrounds groups of muscle fascicles
epimysium
a ___ is a hole in a bone. it may contain blood vessels and or nerves
foramen
___ type of bone has tiny spicules of bones that appear randomly arranged
cancellous
the ____ is the first cervical vertebrae and the __ is the second cervical vertebrae
atlas ; axis
a ___ is a depressed area on the surface of a bone
fossa
___ are channels through the bone matrix that contain blood vessels
volkmann canals
once surrounded by bone, osteoblasts are called
osteocytes
red bone marrow is responsible for forming ___. it is mainly found in ___ animals
blood cells ; young
which muscle site undergoes the most movement during muscle contraction
insertion
yellow bone marrow is primarily composed of ____ connective tissue. it is the main bone marrow type of ____
adipose ; adult animals
___ are the cells responsible for remodeling and removing bone
osteoclasts
what are the four basic bone shapes
long, short, flat, irregular
____ = muscle group that decreases the angle of a joint
flexor
which type of muscle is responsible for moving the skeleton and is under voluntary control
skeletal muscle
____ are cells that produce bone
osteoblasts
_____ = muscle group that pulls a limb toward the midline
adductors
___ are projections off a bone surface. an example would be the spine on the scapula
processes
the ____ generates the impulse that starts each heartbeat. it is located in the wall of the
SA node ; right atrium
____ and ___ are the two types of bone structure / density
cancellous ; compact
where would you find intramembranous bone formation
certain skull bones, fibrous tissue membranes that cover the brain in the developing fetus
what supplies the muscle fibers with their blood vessels and nerve supply
connective tissue
what are the three different types of muscle that can be found in the body
skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscle
what is the all or nothing principle
when stimulated an individual muscle fiber contracts completely or not at all
how does shivering increase heat production
spasmodic muscle contraction
what are the functions of bone
support, protect, leverage, storage, and blood cell formation
where do you find compact bone
shafts of long bones and the outside layer of all bones
in growing bone, where does lengthening take place
epiphyseal plate
what muscle is called nonstriated voluntary muscle
smooth
An animal with 7 cervical, 13 thoracic, and 6 lumbar, 3 sacral vertebrae USUALLY has this many pairs of ribs:
13
at the site of a fracture these cells move in to lay down new bone
osteoblast
what type of bone covers the shaft of long bones and the outer layer of all types of bones
compact bone
the caudal end of the sternum of dogs is also referred to as the
xyphoid
which of the following bone tissues contain an internal meshwork of trabeculae with spaces that are filled with bone marrow
cancellous bone
what type of muscle is referred to as voluntary striated muscle
skeletal
which type of cells make up bone
osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts
smooth muscle can be found in the
stomach
involuntary striated muscle
cardiac
what muscle fiber arrangement has fascicle going in several different angular directions
multipenate
osteoclasts are responsible for
remodeling bone
what produces synovial fluid:
fibrous layer of joint capsule, synovial structures, hyaline cartilage, ligaments
incomplete glucose breakdown that occurs during anaerobic metabolism can cause this byproduct
lactic acid
what cells have multiple nuclei
skeletal
the fibrous covering around the part of bone not present on articular cartilage
periosteum
ribs whose ventral ends terminate in muscles of the thoracic walls are called
floating ribs
the femoral condyle is located ___ to the head of the femur in a horse
distal
the scapula is an example of a
flat bone
where would you find visceral smooth muscle
diaphragm, intercostal spaces, urinary bladder
an example of an irregular bone is
ulna, cervical vertebrae 1, metacarpal 3
what structure connects muscle to bone
tendons
shivering is a method of producing heat to warm the body
true
