cardiovascular ap

Question 1

where is the heart located within the body

Answer 1

mediastinum

Question 2

three arteries that can be used to obtain a pulse

Answer 2

femoral, coccygeal, radial

Question 3

the muscular structure that separates the right and left ventricles is called the interventricular

Answer 3

septum

Question 4

when performing a blood pressure on a dog via doppler method, which reading will you get

Answer 4

systolic

Question 5

the pacemaker of the heart is found in the left atrium (t/f)

Answer 5

false

Question 6

the coronary arteries provide blood supply to the heart

Answer 6

true

Question 7

as discussed in class, you should feel a pulse beat for every heartbeat, when the pulse is missing this is called

Answer 7

pulse deficit

Question 8

while obtaining an ECG you place which lead on the left front limb

Answer 8

black

Question 9

the valves the prevent backflow form the arteries back into the ventricles are the ___ valves

Answer 9

semilunar

Question 10

the amount of blood leaving the heart during one contraction is termed

Answer 10

stroke volume

Question 11

what are the little cords of connective tissue that attach the free edges of an atrioventricular valve to the walls of a ventricle

Answer 11

chordae tendonae

Question 12

does the left or right ventricle of the heart have the thicker muscle? Why?

Answer 12

left, b/c it has to pump oxygenated blood to the entire body

Question 13

is the tricuspid valve located on the right or left side of the heart

Answer 13

right

Question 14

the ____ and __ valves are aka semilunar valves

Answer 14

pulmonary ; aortic

Question 15

what is the name for the wide cranial end of the heart where the arteries and veins enter and exit

Answer 15

base

Question 16

what is the name for the caudal, pointed end of the heart which contains the left ventricle

Answer 16

apex

Question 17

is the blood carrying blood away from the heart an afferent or efferent

Answer 17

efferent

Question 18

is a blood vessel carrying blood toward the heart an afferent or efferent

Answer 18

afferent

Question 19

what creates the 2 part sound of the heart beating

Answer 19

lub- 1st sound - created from the AV valves closing at the same time
dub - second sound - created from the semilunar valves closing at the same time

Question 20

what is the pacemaker of the heart and where is it located

Answer 20

sinoatrial node, right atrium

Question 21

what are the 4 conductors that make up the rapid conduction system for an impulse created by the hearts pacemaker

Answer 21

SA node, AV node, Bundle of his, purkinje fibers

Question 22

the working phase of the cardiac cycle is ___. it involves ____ that generates an impulse that results in muscle contraction

Answer 22

systole; depolarization

Question 23

the resting phase of the cardiac cycle is ___. it involves ____ which allows the chambers to fill with blood again

Answer 23

diastole ; repolarization

Question 24

what 2 factors affect cardiac output

Answer 24

stroke volume and heart rate

Question 25

describe the relationship between cardiac output, heart rate, and stroke volume

Answer 25

CO=HR x SV / HR and SV are inversely related

Question 26

what 3 things determine stroke volume

Answer 26

preload, afterload, and contractility

Question 27

how cold a pt experiencing blood loss compensate to maintain a normal cardiac output

Answer 27

increase heart rate

Question 28

what is the equation for blood pressure and how does each component contribute to bp

Answer 28

BP = CO x SVR / CO = amount of blood leaving the heart with each cycle, SVR = elasticity of the vessels

Question 29

what are 3 ways you can obtain a BP

Answer 29

oscillometric, doppler, arterial cath

Question 30

what are 3 locations you could obtain a bp on a cat

Answer 30

tail, hindlimb, forelimb

Question 31

3 locations to draw blood on a cat

Answer 31

jugular, cephalic, medial saphenous, medial femoral vein

Question 32

what are 3 examples of diagnostics that can be performed to evaluate CV function

Answer 32

ECG, ECHO, radiographs, BP, auscultation

Question 33

where do veins and arteries join together

Answer 33

capillaries

Question 34

systole is

Answer 34

contraction of the atria and ventricles

Question 35

what conducts electoral stimuli through the R and L ventricular myocardium

Answer 35

purkinje fibers

Question 36

chordae tendonae are the attachments that make the valves of the heart unidirectional

Answer 36

true

Question 37

blood enters the heart from the pulmonary veins into the

Answer 37

left atrium

Question 38

in the healthy heart, the ____ has slight delay to allow atria to finish their contraction

Answer 38

AV node

Question 39

blood that has just been oxygenated in the lungs flows where next

Answer 39

left atrium

Question 40

these blood vessels do not have muscle tissue in their walls

Answer 40

capillaries

Question 41

in the healthy heart the heartbeat is initiated by the

Answer 41

SA node

Question 42

the cardiovascular system has four components, which is not one of them: heart, lungs, blood circulation, blood vessels

Answer 42

lungs

Question 43

which artery provides the heart with oxygen rich blood

Answer 43

aorta

Question 44

on the EKG, the T wave is most closely associated with

Answer 44

ventricular repolarization

Question 45

pulmonary circulation is under ____ pressure

Answer 45

partial pressure

Question 46

which circulatory system is under the greatest pressure

Answer 46

systemic

Question 47

the major artery that carries blood out of the left ventricle is the

Answer 47

aorta

Question 48

which of the following are present in all organs/tissues and are the sites of exchange between blood and tissue fluid valves, capillaries, venules, lymph

Answer 48

capillaries

Question 49

purpose of pericardial fluid

Answer 49

helps decrease friction

Question 50

the coronary veins empty blood via the coronary sinus into the

Answer 50

right atrium

Question 51

which valves has 2 flaps

Answer 51

mitral

Question 52

sac that holds the heart

Answer 52

pericardial sac