cardiovascular ap Flashcards
where is the heart located within the body
mediastinum
three arteries that can be used to obtain a pulse
femoral, coccygeal, radial
the muscular structure that separates the right and left ventricles is called the interventricular
septum
when performing a blood pressure on a dog via doppler method, which reading will you get
systolic
the pacemaker of the heart is found in the left atrium (t/f)
false
the coronary arteries provide blood supply to the heart
true
as discussed in class, you should feel a pulse beat for every heartbeat, when the pulse is missing this is called
pulse deficit
while obtaining an ECG you place which lead on the left front limb
black
the valves the prevent backflow form the arteries back into the ventricles are the ___ valves
semilunar
the amount of blood leaving the heart during one contraction is termed
stroke volume
what are the little cords of connective tissue that attach the free edges of an atrioventricular valve to the walls of a ventricle
chordae tendonae
does the left or right ventricle of the heart have the thicker muscle? Why?
left, b/c it has to pump oxygenated blood to the entire body
is the tricuspid valve located on the right or left side of the heart
right
the ____ and __ valves are aka semilunar valves
pulmonary ; aortic
what is the name for the wide cranial end of the heart where the arteries and veins enter and exit
base
what is the name for the caudal, pointed end of the heart which contains the left ventricle
apex
is the blood carrying blood away from the heart an afferent or efferent
efferent
is a blood vessel carrying blood toward the heart an afferent or efferent
afferent
what creates the 2 part sound of the heart beating
lub- 1st sound - created from the AV valves closing at the same time
dub - second sound - created from the semilunar valves closing at the same time
what is the pacemaker of the heart and where is it located
sinoatrial node, right atrium
what are the 4 conductors that make up the rapid conduction system for an impulse created by the hearts pacemaker
SA node, AV node, Bundle of his, purkinje fibers
the working phase of the cardiac cycle is ___. it involves ____ that generates an impulse that results in muscle contraction
systole; depolarization
the resting phase of the cardiac cycle is ___. it involves ____ which allows the chambers to fill with blood again
diastole ; repolarization
what 2 factors affect cardiac output
stroke volume and heart rate
describe the relationship between cardiac output, heart rate, and stroke volume
CO=HR x SV / HR and SV are inversely related
what 3 things determine stroke volume
preload, afterload, and contractility
how cold a pt experiencing blood loss compensate to maintain a normal cardiac output
increase heart rate
what is the equation for blood pressure and how does each component contribute to bp
BP = CO x SVR / CO = amount of blood leaving the heart with each cycle, SVR = elasticity of the vessels
what are 3 ways you can obtain a BP
oscillometric, doppler, arterial cath
what are 3 locations you could obtain a bp on a cat
tail, hindlimb, forelimb
3 locations to draw blood on a cat
jugular, cephalic, medial saphenous, medial femoral vein
what are 3 examples of diagnostics that can be performed to evaluate CV function
ECG, ECHO, radiographs, BP, auscultation
where do veins and arteries join together
capillaries
systole is
contraction of the atria and ventricles
what conducts electoral stimuli through the R and L ventricular myocardium
purkinje fibers
chordae tendonae are the attachments that make the valves of the heart unidirectional
true
blood enters the heart from the pulmonary veins into the
left atrium
in the healthy heart, the ____ has slight delay to allow atria to finish their contraction
AV node
blood that has just been oxygenated in the lungs flows where next
left atrium
these blood vessels do not have muscle tissue in their walls
capillaries
in the healthy heart the heartbeat is initiated by the
SA node
the cardiovascular system has four components, which is not one of them:
heart, lungs, blood circulation, blood vessels
lungs
which artery provides the heart with oxygen rich blood
aorta
on the EKG, the T wave is most closely associated with
ventricular repolarization
pulmonary circulation is under ____ pressure
partial pressure
which circulatory system is under the greatest pressure
systemic
the major artery that carries blood out of the left ventricle is the
aorta
which of the following are present in all organs/tissues and are the sites of exchange between blood and tissue fluid
valves, capillaries, venules, lymph
capillaries
purpose of pericardial fluid
helps decrease friction
the coronary veins empty blood via the coronary sinus into the
right atrium
which valves has 2 flaps
mitral
sac that holds the heart
pericardial sac
