GI pharm

Question 1

what is the most concerning side effect of Cytotec

Answer 1

can cause abortions

Question 2

name a proton pump inhibitor

Answer 2

Omeprazole and lansoprazole

Question 3

2 causes for GI ulcers

Answer 3

nsaids and sterioids

Question 4

misoprostal is used to treat GI ulcers caused by

Answer 4

nsaids

Question 5

Name 3 clinical signs for ulcers

Answer 5

anorexia, vomiting blood (hematemesis), pain, dark tarry stool (melena)

Question 6

magnesium containing products should not be used in patients with

Answer 6

renal disease

Question 7

what antiulcer drug forms a barrier over an ulcer site to prevent further damage and promote healing

Answer 7

Sucralfate (carafate)

Question 8

2 ways that emetics can act

Answer 8

centrally and locally

Question 9

name the centrally actin emetics (trade and generic)

Answer 9

Apokyn (apomorphine), Rompun/Anased (xylazine)

Question 10

dogs have more ____ receptors where cats have more ___ receptors

Answer 10

dopamine ; alpha

Question 11

name 3 locally acting emetics

Answer 11

3% hydrogen peroxide, mustard and water, warm salt water / syrup of ipecac

Question 12

name the 3 drugs that can reverse apomorphine

Answer 12

naloxone, acepromazine, chlorpromazine

Question 13

what is the emetic of choice for cats

Answer 13

xylazine (rompun/anased)

Question 14

what two drugs can reverse xylazine

Answer 14

yohimbine and atipamezole (antisedan)

Question 15

how does hydrogen peroxide produce it emetic effects

Answer 15

GI irritant

Question 16

what is the primary mode of action for phenothiazine derivatives

Answer 16

blocking dopamine and h1 receptors / cholinergic receptors

Question 17

what is the primary reason for motion sickness

Answer 17

stimulation of histamine and acetylcholine receptors

Question 18

what are the drugs that fall into the phenothiazine derivative antiemetics

Answer 18

acepromazine and chlorpromazine

Question 19

what drug can acepromazine and chlorpromazine reverse

Answer 19

apomorphine

Question 20

what receptors do the phenothiazine derivatives work on

Answer 20

H1 and dopamine / cholinergic M1

Question 21

which antiemetic class shouldnt be given for several days prior to allergy testing

Answer 21

antihistamines

Question 22

name the 2 prokinetic antiemetics (trade and generic)

Answer 22

Reglan (metaclopramide), and cisapride

Question 23

what drug(s) can antagonize reglan

Answer 23

atropine / opioids

Question 24

what disease is cisapride used to treat

Answer 24

megacolon

Question 25

name the serotonin receptor antagonist antiemetic (trade and generic)

Answer 25

ondansetron (zofran)

Question 26

how do serotonin receptor antagonist antiemetics work

Answer 26

blocking vagal nerve terminals

Question 27

name the NK-1 receptor antagonist (generic and trade)

Answer 27

cerenia (maropitant citrate)

Question 28

causes for GI ulcers

Answer 28

NSAID, stress, metabolic dz, drug interactions

Question 29

what are the clinical signs for GI ulcers

Answer 29

anorexia, abdominal pain, hematemesis, melena

Question 30

what are the 4 antiulcer drug categories

Answer 30

H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, antacids, gastromucosal protectants, prostaglandin E1 analogues

Question 31

how do H2 receptor antagonists work

Answer 31

block H2 receptors, reduce the release of hydrochloric acid

Question 32

list the 3 H2 receptor anatagonists (trade and generic)

Answer 32

tagamet (cimetidine), Zantac (ranitidine), Pepcid (famotidine)

Question 33

how do proton pump inhibitors work

Answer 33

bind irreversibly at the secretory surface of the parietal cell to the enzyme responsible for pumping hydrogen into the stomach

Question 34

name the PPI's (generic and trade)

Answer 34

prilosec / gastro gard (omeprazole), prevacid (lansoprazole)

Question 35

how do antacids work to treat GI ulcers

Answer 35

decrease hydrochloric acid levels in the stomach

Question 36

___ containing products should not be used in patients with renal disease

Answer 36

magnesium

Question 37

define diarrhea

Answer 37

the passage of loose or liquid stools

Question 38

___ can be added to narcotic antidiarrheal class drugs to help prevent abuse

Answer 38

atropine

Question 39

list the 2 narcotic antidiarrheal (generic and trade)

Answer 39

lomotil (diphenoxylate), imodium (loperamide)

Question 40

___ is listed in the GI protectant/absorbent class but is known to cause diarrhea or make it worse

Answer 40

activated charcoal

Question 41

name the lubricating laxatives (generic and trade)

Answer 41

laxatone (petrolatum), mineral oil

Question 42

how do bulk laxatives work

Answer 42

form a bulk in the GI tract and stimulate peristalsis

Question 43

name the cathartic laxatives (generic and trade)

Answer 43

enulose (lactulose), Milk of magnesia (magnesium hydroxide), epsom salts (magnesium sulfate)

Question 44

what is the concern with premade enema solutions

Answer 44

too much sodium and phosphate

Question 45

__ should not receive fleet enemas

Answer 45

cats

Question 46

why should metoclopramide be avoided in suspect GI obstruction cases

Answer 46

increases peristalsis / leads to perforation

Question 47

___ is an antibiotic that also treats protozoal infestations

Answer 47

metronidazole

Question 48

how do you treat a toxicity of metronidazole

Answer 48

intralipids

Question 49

__ are beneficial bacteria that are used to help promote gut homeostasis. this class includes ____, ___, and ___

Answer 49

probiotics, fortiflora, culturelle, proflora

Question 50

apomorphine comes in ___ and ___ forms that are given ___ or placed in the _____

Answer 50

injectable ; topical ; IV ; conjunctival sac

Question 51

metoclopramide is ____ efficient in cats than dogs

Answer 51

less

Question 52

name 3 drugs that can be given to reduce motion sickness (trade and generic)

Answer 52

cerenia (maropitant citrate), benadryl (diphenhydramine) acepromazine