GI pharm Flashcards
what is the most concerning side effect of Cytotec
can cause abortions
name a proton pump inhibitor
Omeprazole and lansoprazole
2 causes for GI ulcers
nsaids and sterioids
misoprostal is used to treat GI ulcers caused by
nsaids
Name 3 clinical signs for ulcers
anorexia, vomiting blood (hematemesis), pain, dark tarry stool (melena)
magnesium containing products should not be used in patients with
renal disease
what antiulcer drug forms a barrier over an ulcer site to prevent further damage and promote healing
Sucralfate (carafate)
2 ways that emetics can act
centrally and locally
name the centrally actin emetics (trade and generic)
Apokyn (apomorphine), Rompun/Anased (xylazine)
dogs have more ____ receptors where cats have more ___ receptors
dopamine ; alpha
name 3 locally acting emetics
3% hydrogen peroxide, mustard and water, warm salt water / syrup of ipecac
name the 3 drugs that can reverse apomorphine
naloxone, acepromazine, chlorpromazine
what is the emetic of choice for cats
xylazine (rompun/anased)
what two drugs can reverse xylazine
yohimbine and atipamezole (antisedan)
how does hydrogen peroxide produce it emetic effects
GI irritant
what is the primary mode of action for phenothiazine derivatives
blocking dopamine and h1 receptors / cholinergic receptors
what is the primary reason for motion sickness
stimulation of histamine and acetylcholine receptors
what are the drugs that fall into the phenothiazine derivative antiemetics
acepromazine and chlorpromazine
what drug can acepromazine and chlorpromazine reverse
apomorphine
what receptors do the phenothiazine derivatives work on
H1 and dopamine / cholinergic M1
which antiemetic class shouldnt be given for several days prior to allergy testing
antihistamines
name the 2 prokinetic antiemetics (trade and generic)
Reglan (metaclopramide), and cisapride
what drug(s) can antagonize reglan
atropine / opioids
what disease is cisapride used to treat
megacolon
name the serotonin receptor antagonist antiemetic (trade and generic)
ondansetron (zofran)
how do serotonin receptor antagonist antiemetics work
blocking vagal nerve terminals
name the NK-1 receptor antagonist (generic and trade)
cerenia (maropitant citrate)
causes for GI ulcers
NSAID, stress, metabolic dz, drug interactions
what are the clinical signs for GI ulcers
anorexia, abdominal pain, hematemesis, melena
what are the 4 antiulcer drug categories
H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, antacids, gastromucosal protectants, prostaglandin E1 analogues
how do H2 receptor antagonists work
block H2 receptors, reduce the release of hydrochloric acid
list the 3 H2 receptor anatagonists (trade and generic)
tagamet (cimetidine), Zantac (ranitidine), Pepcid (famotidine)
how do proton pump inhibitors work
bind irreversibly at the secretory surface of the parietal cell to the enzyme responsible for pumping hydrogen into the stomach
name the PPI’s (generic and trade)
prilosec / gastro gard (omeprazole), prevacid (lansoprazole)
how do antacids work to treat GI ulcers
decrease hydrochloric acid levels in the stomach
___ containing products should not be used in patients with renal disease
magnesium
define diarrhea
the passage of loose or liquid stools
___ can be added to narcotic antidiarrheal class drugs to help prevent abuse
atropine
list the 2 narcotic antidiarrheal (generic and trade)
lomotil (diphenoxylate), imodium (loperamide)
___ is listed in the GI protectant/absorbent class but is known to cause diarrhea or make it worse
activated charcoal
name the lubricating laxatives (generic and trade)
laxatone (petrolatum), mineral oil
how do bulk laxatives work
form a bulk in the GI tract and stimulate peristalsis
name the cathartic laxatives (generic and trade)
enulose (lactulose), Milk of magnesia (magnesium hydroxide), epsom salts (magnesium sulfate)
what is the concern with premade enema solutions
too much sodium and phosphate
__ should not receive fleet enemas
cats
why should metoclopramide be avoided in suspect GI obstruction cases
increases peristalsis / leads to perforation
___ is an antibiotic that also treats protozoal infestations
metronidazole
how do you treat a toxicity of metronidazole
intralipids
__ are beneficial bacteria that are used to help promote gut homeostasis. this class includes ____, ___, and ___
probiotics, fortiflora, culturelle, proflora
apomorphine comes in ___ and ___ forms that are given ___ or placed in the _____
injectable ; topical ; IV ; conjunctival sac
metoclopramide is ____ efficient in cats than dogs
less
name 3 drugs that can be given to reduce motion sickness (trade and generic)
cerenia (maropitant citrate), benadryl (diphenhydramine) acepromazine
