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Module 5 > GI pharm > Flashcards

GI pharm Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most concerning side effect of Cytotec

A

can cause abortions

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2
Q

name a proton pump inhibitor

A

Omeprazole and lansoprazole

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3
Q

2 causes for GI ulcers

A

nsaids and sterioids

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4
Q

misoprostal is used to treat GI ulcers caused by

A

nsaids

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5
Q

Name 3 clinical signs for ulcers

A

anorexia, vomiting blood (hematemesis), pain, dark tarry stool (melena)

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6
Q

magnesium containing products should not be used in patients with

A

renal disease

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7
Q

what antiulcer drug forms a barrier over an ulcer site to prevent further damage and promote healing

A

Sucralfate (carafate)

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8
Q

2 ways that emetics can act

A

centrally and locally

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9
Q

name the centrally actin emetics (trade and generic)

A

Apokyn (apomorphine), Rompun/Anased (xylazine)

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10
Q

dogs have more ____ receptors where cats have more ___ receptors

A

dopamine ; alpha

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11
Q

name 3 locally acting emetics

A

3% hydrogen peroxide, mustard and water, warm salt water / syrup of ipecac

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12
Q

name the 3 drugs that can reverse apomorphine

A

naloxone, acepromazine, chlorpromazine

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13
Q

what is the emetic of choice for cats

A

xylazine (rompun/anased)

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14
Q

what two drugs can reverse xylazine

A

yohimbine and atipamezole (antisedan)

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15
Q

how does hydrogen peroxide produce it emetic effects

A

GI irritant

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16
Q

what is the primary mode of action for phenothiazine derivatives

A

blocking dopamine and h1 receptors / cholinergic receptors

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17
Q

what is the primary reason for motion sickness

A

stimulation of histamine and acetylcholine receptors

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18
Q

what are the drugs that fall into the phenothiazine derivative antiemetics

A

acepromazine and chlorpromazine

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19
Q

what drug can acepromazine and chlorpromazine reverse

A

apomorphine

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20
Q

what receptors do the phenothiazine derivatives work on

A

H1 and dopamine / cholinergic M1

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21
Q

which antiemetic class shouldnt be given for several days prior to allergy testing

A

antihistamines

22
Q

name the 2 prokinetic antiemetics (trade and generic)

A

Reglan (metaclopramide), and cisapride

23
Q

what drug(s) can antagonize reglan

A

atropine / opioids

24
Q

what disease is cisapride used to treat

A

megacolon

25
Q

name the serotonin receptor antagonist antiemetic (trade and generic)

A

ondansetron (zofran)

26
Q

how do serotonin receptor antagonist antiemetics work

A

blocking vagal nerve terminals

27
Q

name the NK-1 receptor antagonist (generic and trade)

A

cerenia (maropitant citrate)

28
Q

causes for GI ulcers

A

NSAID, stress, metabolic dz, drug interactions

29
Q

what are the clinical signs for GI ulcers

A

anorexia, abdominal pain, hematemesis, melena

30
Q

what are the 4 antiulcer drug categories

A

H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, antacids, gastromucosal protectants, prostaglandin E1 analogues

31
Q

how do H2 receptor antagonists work

A

block H2 receptors, reduce the release of hydrochloric acid

32
Q

list the 3 H2 receptor anatagonists (trade and generic)

A

tagamet (cimetidine), Zantac (ranitidine), Pepcid (famotidine)

33
Q

how do proton pump inhibitors work

A

bind irreversibly at the secretory surface of the parietal cell to the enzyme responsible for pumping hydrogen into the stomach

34
Q

name the PPI’s (generic and trade)

A

prilosec / gastro gard (omeprazole), prevacid (lansoprazole)

35
Q

how do antacids work to treat GI ulcers

A

decrease hydrochloric acid levels in the stomach

36
Q

___ containing products should not be used in patients with renal disease

A

magnesium

37
Q

define diarrhea

A

the passage of loose or liquid stools

38
Q

___ can be added to narcotic antidiarrheal class drugs to help prevent abuse

A

atropine

39
Q

list the 2 narcotic antidiarrheal (generic and trade)

A

lomotil (diphenoxylate), imodium (loperamide)

40
Q

___ is listed in the GI protectant/absorbent class but is known to cause diarrhea or make it worse

A

activated charcoal

41
Q

name the lubricating laxatives (generic and trade)

A

laxatone (petrolatum), mineral oil

42
Q

how do bulk laxatives work

A

form a bulk in the GI tract and stimulate peristalsis

43
Q

name the cathartic laxatives (generic and trade)

A

enulose (lactulose), Milk of magnesia (magnesium hydroxide), epsom salts (magnesium sulfate)

44
Q

what is the concern with premade enema solutions

A

too much sodium and phosphate

45
Q

__ should not receive fleet enemas

A

cats

46
Q

why should metoclopramide be avoided in suspect GI obstruction cases

A

increases peristalsis / leads to perforation

47
Q

___ is an antibiotic that also treats protozoal infestations

A

metronidazole

48
Q

how do you treat a toxicity of metronidazole

A

intralipids

49
Q

__ are beneficial bacteria that are used to help promote gut homeostasis. this class includes ____, ___, and ___

A

probiotics, fortiflora, culturelle, proflora

50
Q

apomorphine comes in ___ and ___ forms that are given ___ or placed in the _____

A

injectable ; topical ; IV ; conjunctival sac

51
Q

metoclopramide is ____ efficient in cats than dogs

A

less

52
Q

name 3 drugs that can be given to reduce motion sickness (trade and generic)

A

cerenia (maropitant citrate), benadryl (diphenhydramine) acepromazine

Module 5 (18 decks)

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