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Module 5 > GI ap > Flashcards

GI ap Flashcards

1
Q

what suspends the small intestine from the abdominal wall

A

mesentery

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2
Q

3 omnivores

A

humans, pigs, dogs

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3
Q

2 obligate carnivores

A

cats and ferrets

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4
Q

5 herbivores

A

horses, cows, goat, sheep, deer, rabbits

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5
Q

what is the site of hindgut fermentation

A

cecum

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6
Q

another name for chewing is ____

A

mastication

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7
Q

what is glycogenesis and where does it occur

A

synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate substances ; liver

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8
Q

2 species that cannot vomit

A

rabbits / horses

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9
Q

what prevents rabbits and horses from vomiting

A

tight cardiac sphincter

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10
Q

what is lipase and what does it do

A

enzyme in the small intestine that digests lipids

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11
Q

which species do not have a gallbladder

A

rabbits / horses

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12
Q

bile is made in the ____ by ____ and travels to the ____ (stored) via the ____

A

liver ; hepatic cells ; gallbladder ; hepatic ducts

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13
Q

where does the bile go in animals that do not have a gall bladder

A

directly into the small intestine

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14
Q

what is pepsin and what does it do

A

enzyme in the stomach that breaks down protein

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15
Q

what accessory organ produces coagulation factors

A

liver

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16
Q

what does bile help digest

A

high fat and peptide concentration

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17
Q

food leaves the stomach in a semi liquid form called

A

chyme

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18
Q

if there is an increased amount of bilirubin in the body the animal will become

A

jaundice

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19
Q

what is glycogenolysis and where does it occur

A

glycogen broken down to glucose when needed by the liver

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20
Q

excess glucose is stored in the ___ as ____

A

liver ; glycogen

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21
Q

what are the 3 sections of the small intestine (in order)

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

22
Q

the longest portion of the small intestines is the ___ while the ____ is the shortest

A

jejunum ; duodenum

23
Q

most enzymes have the suffix

A

-ase

24
Q

what is amylase and what does it do

A

enzyme in saliva / small intestine that breaks down amylose / sugar, produced by the pancreas

25
Q

the ____ controls most of the glands in the digestive system

A

autonomic nervous system

26
Q

stimulation of the ____ increases salivation where the ____ decreases salivation

A

parasympathetic nervous system ; sympathetic nervous system

27
Q

ruminants lack upper incisors and have what

A

dental pad

28
Q

what are the compartments on the monogastric stomach

A

fundus, cardia, body, pyloric antrum, pylorus

29
Q

what are rugae and where are they located

A

multiple long folds of the stomach mucosa, allow the stomach to expand and fill with food

30
Q

what secretes hydrogen and chloride ions

A

parietal cells

31
Q

the ___ is the true stomach of ruminants

A

abomasum

32
Q

the ___ nervous system enhances digestions

A

parasympathetic

33
Q

roughly how much water is the average animal made of

A

70%

34
Q

define peristalsis

A

wavelike contractions along the entire GI tract that propels contents forward

35
Q

what are segmental contractions

A

periodic circular muscle contractions that aid in mixing the contents and slowing down their movements

36
Q

what is the dental formula for the adult cat

A

2 (I 3/3, C1/1, P3/2, M1/1)

37
Q

dental formula for the dog

A

2 (I3/3, C1/1, P4/4, M2/3)

38
Q

what prevents the stomach contents from leaving the stomach and returning to the esophagus

A

cardiac sphincter

39
Q

where is the pyloric sphincter

A

caudal end of the stomach that meets with the duodenum

40
Q

where does rumination take place in the ruminant stomach

A

rumen

41
Q

what do the beat cells of the pancreas secrete

A

insulin

42
Q

___ compose the brush border in the small intestine

A

microvilli

43
Q

what do the alpha cells in the pancreas secrete

A

glucagon

44
Q

what effect does sympathetic nerve stimulation have on digestion

A

inhibits digestion / slows digestion down

45
Q

where is the esophagus in relation to the trachea

A

slightly to the left on the dorsal side

46
Q

what are peyers patches composed of and what are their functions. Where are they located

A

aggregates of lymphoid tissue that protect an animal from disease / antibody production / filter fluid / small intestine / ileus

47
Q

which endocrine hormone stimulates gastric motility. Which inhibits gastric empyting

A

gastrin ; cholecystokinin / CCK

48
Q

most of the GI tract is composed of what type of muscle

A

smooth muscle

49
Q

there must be protective mechanisms in the stomach as the pH can reach an acidity of

A

2.0

50
Q

sodium bicarbonate is important in the GI tract as it can help buffer the acidity of the stomach.

A

true

Module 5 (18 decks)

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