cardio dz Flashcards
if a cat is diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy it is most likely caused by a _____ deficiency
taurine
we use the vertebral heart score to determine if cardiac size is normal or enlarged on rads (t/f)
true
which of the following cat breeds is not predisposed to having hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
domestic shorthair
the abnormal cardiac sound that can be heard on auscultation is a _____, which is the sound of valvular regurgitation
murmur
a holter monitor can be used to evaluate an ekg on a patient for 24 hrs or more (t/f)
true
a thromboembolism may bee seen on a cardiac ultrasound in what location on a patient with HCM
left atrium
what is the full/correct name for a cardiac ultrasound
echocardiogram
which dog breed is known to get arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
boxer
which cardiomyopathy discussed in class lead to the valentines heart appearance
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
right sided heart failure leads to pulmonary edema (t/f)
false
when are most congenital diseases found in our patients
first vet visit
how do we diagnose a persistent right aortic arch
barium swallow
what is the medical term for fainting
syncope
the foramen ovale should close within the first 24 hours of life (t/f)
true
animals with septal defects will not show signs of disease until 12 months of age (t/f)
false
it is normal to see jugular pulses on a patient (t/f)
false
routine phlebotomy is performed when medically managing which dz
tetralogy of fallot
oxygenated blood is delivered to the fetus via which blood vessel
umbilical vein
what is the test done to help determine a right to left heart shunt
bubble study
which of the following organs is responsible for producing erythropoietin
kidneys
___ is the most common cardiac disease diagnosed in dogs. roughly ___% of small breed dogs with CHF have it
degenerative mitral valve disease ; 95
Idexx heartworm kits test for the antigen of ____ heartworm
female
the brain begins to die after ___ of no oxygen
6 minutes
the tarter that is associated with severe periodontal disease can break away and enter ___ circulation. if this happens the bacteria can colonize on the heart valves which can lead to _____ and eventually ____ in some cases
blood ; endocarditis ; heart failure
atrial fibrillation is treated with _____ while ventricular fibrillation is treated with
drugs ; defibrillation to reset the heart
with right sided heart failure the blood is backing up into the ____, mainly in the ____. this backup can lead to fluid accumulation in the abdomen which is aka
body ; liver ; ascites
ARVC is commonly known as
boxer cardiomyopathy
patients with DCM may suddenly die, which is caused by ____ that occur with the disease process
atrial fibrillation
the foramen ovale should close within ___ hours of birth
24
ECGs are a common tool utilized in cardiology as they are relatively cheap and they measure the ___ of the heart
electrical activity
with left sided heart failure, blood is backing up into the ____, leading to fluid accumulation. we call this _____
lungs ; pulmonary edema
____ is the name for adult heartworms, while ___ is the name for immature HW
dirofilaria immitis ; microfilaria
the correct name for saddle thrombus is
thromboembolism
what is a bubble study and what is it used to diagnose
inject air bubbles into a vein to watch them flow into the heart, left or right shunts
what is the most common cause for atrial premature contractions
LA enlargement that is secondary to heart failure
which species are most affected by PDAs
dogs ; small breeds ; newfies ; collies ; labs
how do we treat polycythemia and why do we do this
therapeutic phlebotomy, blood becomes thicker and has trouble flowing normally
what would you find on a physical exam on a patient throwing VPCs
extra beat heard every so often with or without a pulse deficit
what is our goal in medically managing DCM in our patients
increasing CO2, decreased afterload, manage arrhythmias, treat / prevent edema accumulation
what are the 5 diagnostics that can be used to evaluate the CV system
auscultation, rads, ECHO, ECG, BW
what changes would we expect to see in regards to cardiac output in our pts with DCM
decreased CO, the heart is pumping less blood to the body than it should
whcih tachyarrhythmias would we expect to see in pts with DCM
a-fib or VPC
what is precordial thrill
able to feel the vibration from the murmur on the chest wall
what is caval syndrome
obstruction of blood flow into and through the heart, occurs in animals with a large worm burden
what can cause circulatory failure in patient
hypovolemia, anemia, valvular dysfunction, congenital shunts
what are the clinical signs associated with PRAA
regurg of solid food, aspiration pneumonia, fever, dyspnea, cough, wt loss
what are the three things that can cause myocardial dysfunction
cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, taurine deficiency in cats
clinical signs of R CHF
ascites, hepatomegaly, wt loss, abdominal distension
define asystole
lack of ventricular activity
saddle thrombi generally occur in which major blood vessel
aorta
what is the intermediate host for heartworms
female mosquito
how is hw treated
immiticide, melarsamine, ivermectin, sx to remove
what are the most common stenotic valves seen in vet med
pulmonic, aortic, subaortic
why is v-fib such a concern
ventricles are moving chaotically, treated as cardiac arrest, essentially no CO
which type of arrhythmia sounds like shoes in the dryer
atrial fibrillation
what can septal defects lead to in our pts
shunts, CHF by 8 weeks of age
what is polycythemia, what hormone stimulates this to occur
increased number of RBC, erythropoietin
what is a heart murmur and how can it be described
abnormal heart sound, backflow of blood through the valves of the heart
how do cats with a saddle thrombus typically present
vocalizing, cyanosis of hindlimb, cold hindlimbs, paaralysis of one or both hindlimbs
how are septal defects typically treated in our pts
managing the CHF and pt comfort with medication
two heartworm testing method other than antigen testing
modified knotts, PCV
when are most cases of congenital heart dz found on our pts
first vet visit
3 blood test that can be done to measure cardiac enzymes
BNP ANP, tropinin-1
what is reperfusion injury and why is it a problem
restricted blood flow, build of of toxins, necrotic, CV collapse
what is PRAA and what is happening with this dz
persistent right aortic arch, persistence of the right 4th aortic arch that wraps around the esophagus and causes and obstruction
what dog breed is/are susceptible to ivermectin toxicities
collies
what is going on with tetralogy of fallot
pulmonic stenosis, R ventricular hypertrophy, subaortic ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta
clinical signs associated with L CHF
coughing, pulmonary edema, syncope
where do young adult hws mature into adults, where do they end up w a heavy worm burden
pulmonary artery, end up in right atrium
arrhythmias are usually the result of
cardiomyopathy, hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, hypercalcemia, ischemia
what is PDA and what happens when it fails to close
patent ductus arteriosus, when it fails to close, blood shunts from the aorta to the pulmonary artery
why do we no longer see DCM diagnosed with our feline pts
taurine in the diets
define arrhythmia
any deviation from normal heart rhythm
what is MMVD and who is at risk of this disease
myxomatous mitral valve disease ; mitral valve insufficiency ; dogs with severe periodontal disease
what is heart failure and how is it different than CHF
HF = heart looses ability to adequately pump blood
CHF = heart failure and the accumulation of fluid build up
