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Module 5 > cardio dz > Flashcards

cardio dz Flashcards

1
Q

if a cat is diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy it is most likely caused by a _____ deficiency

A

taurine

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2
Q

we use the vertebral heart score to determine if cardiac size is normal or enlarged on rads (t/f)

A

true

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3
Q

which of the following cat breeds is not predisposed to having hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

domestic shorthair

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4
Q

the abnormal cardiac sound that can be heard on auscultation is a _____, which is the sound of valvular regurgitation

A

murmur

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5
Q

a holter monitor can be used to evaluate an ekg on a patient for 24 hrs or more (t/f)

A

true

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6
Q

a thromboembolism may bee seen on a cardiac ultrasound in what location on a patient with HCM

A

left atrium

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7
Q

what is the full/correct name for a cardiac ultrasound

A

echocardiogram

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8
Q

which dog breed is known to get arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

A

boxer

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9
Q

which cardiomyopathy discussed in class lead to the valentines heart appearance

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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10
Q

right sided heart failure leads to pulmonary edema (t/f)

A

false

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11
Q

when are most congenital diseases found in our patients

A

first vet visit

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12
Q

how do we diagnose a persistent right aortic arch

A

barium swallow

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13
Q

what is the medical term for fainting

A

syncope

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14
Q

the foramen ovale should close within the first 24 hours of life (t/f)

A

true

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15
Q

animals with septal defects will not show signs of disease until 12 months of age (t/f)

A

false

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16
Q

it is normal to see jugular pulses on a patient (t/f)

A

false

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17
Q

routine phlebotomy is performed when medically managing which dz

A

tetralogy of fallot

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18
Q

oxygenated blood is delivered to the fetus via which blood vessel

A

umbilical vein

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19
Q

what is the test done to help determine a right to left heart shunt

A

bubble study

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20
Q

which of the following organs is responsible for producing erythropoietin

A

kidneys

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21
Q

___ is the most common cardiac disease diagnosed in dogs. roughly ___% of small breed dogs with CHF have it

A

degenerative mitral valve disease ; 95

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22
Q

Idexx heartworm kits test for the antigen of ____ heartworm

A

female

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23
Q

the brain begins to die after ___ of no oxygen

A

6 minutes

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24
Q

the tarter that is associated with severe periodontal disease can break away and enter ___ circulation. if this happens the bacteria can colonize on the heart valves which can lead to _____ and eventually ____ in some cases

A

blood ; endocarditis ; heart failure

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25
Q

atrial fibrillation is treated with _____ while ventricular fibrillation is treated with

A

drugs ; defibrillation to reset the heart

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26
Q

with right sided heart failure the blood is backing up into the ____, mainly in the ____. this backup can lead to fluid accumulation in the abdomen which is aka

A

body ; liver ; ascites

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27
Q

ARVC is commonly known as

A

boxer cardiomyopathy

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28
Q

patients with DCM may suddenly die, which is caused by ____ that occur with the disease process

A

atrial fibrillation

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29
Q

the foramen ovale should close within ___ hours of birth

A

24

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30
Q

ECGs are a common tool utilized in cardiology as they are relatively cheap and they measure the ___ of the heart

A

electrical activity

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31
Q

with left sided heart failure, blood is backing up into the ____, leading to fluid accumulation. we call this _____

A

lungs ; pulmonary edema

32
Q

____ is the name for adult heartworms, while ___ is the name for immature HW

A

dirofilaria immitis ; microfilaria

33
Q

the correct name for saddle thrombus is

A

thromboembolism

34
Q

what is a bubble study and what is it used to diagnose

A

inject air bubbles into a vein to watch them flow into the heart, left or right shunts

35
Q

what is the most common cause for atrial premature contractions

A

LA enlargement that is secondary to heart failure

36
Q

which species are most affected by PDAs

A

dogs ; small breeds ; newfies ; collies ; labs

37
Q

how do we treat polycythemia and why do we do this

A

therapeutic phlebotomy, blood becomes thicker and has trouble flowing normally

38
Q

what would you find on a physical exam on a patient throwing VPCs

A

extra beat heard every so often with or without a pulse deficit

39
Q

what is our goal in medically managing DCM in our patients

A

increasing CO2, decreased afterload, manage arrhythmias, treat / prevent edema accumulation

40
Q

what are the 5 diagnostics that can be used to evaluate the CV system

A

auscultation, rads, ECHO, ECG, BW

41
Q

what changes would we expect to see in regards to cardiac output in our pts with DCM

A

decreased CO, the heart is pumping less blood to the body than it should

42
Q

whcih tachyarrhythmias would we expect to see in pts with DCM

A

a-fib or VPC

43
Q

what is precordial thrill

A

able to feel the vibration from the murmur on the chest wall

44
Q

what is caval syndrome

A

obstruction of blood flow into and through the heart, occurs in animals with a large worm burden

45
Q

what can cause circulatory failure in patient

A

hypovolemia, anemia, valvular dysfunction, congenital shunts

46
Q

what are the clinical signs associated with PRAA

A

regurg of solid food, aspiration pneumonia, fever, dyspnea, cough, wt loss

47
Q

what are the three things that can cause myocardial dysfunction

A

cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, taurine deficiency in cats

48
Q

clinical signs of R CHF

A

ascites, hepatomegaly, wt loss, abdominal distension

49
Q

define asystole

A

lack of ventricular activity

50
Q

saddle thrombi generally occur in which major blood vessel

A

aorta

51
Q

what is the intermediate host for heartworms

A

female mosquito

52
Q

how is hw treated

A

immiticide, melarsamine, ivermectin, sx to remove

53
Q

what are the most common stenotic valves seen in vet med

A

pulmonic, aortic, subaortic

54
Q

why is v-fib such a concern

A

ventricles are moving chaotically, treated as cardiac arrest, essentially no CO

55
Q

which type of arrhythmia sounds like shoes in the dryer

A

atrial fibrillation

56
Q

what can septal defects lead to in our pts

A

shunts, CHF by 8 weeks of age

57
Q

what is polycythemia, what hormone stimulates this to occur

A

increased number of RBC, erythropoietin

58
Q

what is a heart murmur and how can it be described

A

abnormal heart sound, backflow of blood through the valves of the heart

59
Q

how do cats with a saddle thrombus typically present

A

vocalizing, cyanosis of hindlimb, cold hindlimbs, paaralysis of one or both hindlimbs

60
Q

how are septal defects typically treated in our pts

A

managing the CHF and pt comfort with medication

61
Q

two heartworm testing method other than antigen testing

A

modified knotts, PCV

62
Q

when are most cases of congenital heart dz found on our pts

A

first vet visit

63
Q

3 blood test that can be done to measure cardiac enzymes

A

BNP ANP, tropinin-1

64
Q

what is reperfusion injury and why is it a problem

A

restricted blood flow, build of of toxins, necrotic, CV collapse

65
Q

what is PRAA and what is happening with this dz

A

persistent right aortic arch, persistence of the right 4th aortic arch that wraps around the esophagus and causes and obstruction

66
Q

what dog breed is/are susceptible to ivermectin toxicities

A

collies

67
Q

what is going on with tetralogy of fallot

A

pulmonic stenosis, R ventricular hypertrophy, subaortic ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta

68
Q

clinical signs associated with L CHF

A

coughing, pulmonary edema, syncope

69
Q

where do young adult hws mature into adults, where do they end up w a heavy worm burden

A

pulmonary artery, end up in right atrium

70
Q

arrhythmias are usually the result of

A

cardiomyopathy, hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, hypercalcemia, ischemia

71
Q

what is PDA and what happens when it fails to close

A

patent ductus arteriosus, when it fails to close, blood shunts from the aorta to the pulmonary artery

72
Q

why do we no longer see DCM diagnosed with our feline pts

A

taurine in the diets

73
Q

define arrhythmia

A

any deviation from normal heart rhythm

74
Q

what is MMVD and who is at risk of this disease

A

myxomatous mitral valve disease ; mitral valve insufficiency ; dogs with severe periodontal disease

75
Q

what is heart failure and how is it different than CHF

A

HF = heart looses ability to adequately pump blood
CHF = heart failure and the accumulation of fluid build up

Module 5 (18 decks)

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