endocrine dz Flashcards
what glands are most commonly affected in small animals
thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, parathyroid, testes, ovaries
usually endocrine disease occurs when one or more of the endocrine glands….. (3 things)
work ineffectively, work incorrectly, dont work at all
____ is the active form of thyroid hormone
triiodothronine
affects dogs more than cats
hypothyroid
affects cats more than dogs
hyperthyroid
clinical signs include: wt gain, bilaterally symmetrical alopecia, cold intolerant, skin infections, repro problems
hypothyroid
insufficient thyroid hormone
hypothyroidism
surplus of thyroid hormone
hyperthyroidism
clinical signs include: wt loss, voracious appetite, vomiting, tachycardia +/- murmur, aggressive behavior, hyperactivity
hyperthyroid
tx: levothyroxine
hypothyroid
tx: methimazole
hyperthyroid
radioactive iodine 131 tx
hyperthyroid
insulin is produced in the __ cells of the pancreas while glucagon is produced in the __cells
beta, alpha
what does serum fructose concentration (fructosamine) measure
average blood sugar concentration over time
what does DKA stand for
diabetic ketoacidosis
during DKA, the animal begins to break down its own ___ stores for energy. this leads to the production of ___. there are 3 types of ketones: ____,____,___
fat ; ketones ; acetoacetate, b-hydroxybutyrate, acetone
ketones have a negative affect on ____
perfusion, bp, CO, homeostasis
what is a plantigrade stance
walking flatfooted in the hind end, walking on hocks
what laboratory finding might be found in a patient with DM
hyperglycemia, glucosuria, high BG
what are signs of insulin overdose
weakness, incoordination, seizures, ataxia, coma
what are 3 causes of insulin related hypoglycemia
too high dose of insulin, not feeding the pet with insulin, increased exercise, wt loss
what are symptoms of pancreatitis
vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, painful abdomen
what is an insulinoma
tumor of beta cells of the pancreas
what species is commonly affected by insulinomas
ferrets
if you were to run a BG on a patient with an insulinoma, would you expect it to be high, low or normal.
low
what treatment is contraindicated in patients with insulinomas
IV dextrose
what are the most common diseases of the adrenal gland
hypoadrenocorticism (addisons) / hyperadrenocorticism (cushings)
what breeds are predisposed to addisons
middle aged females, standard poodles, labs, westies
what are clinical signs of addisons
pu/pd, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, hypovolemic shock, metabolic acidosis
what electrolyte abnormalities can occur with addisons
hyponatremia / hyperkalemia
what test is done to diagnose addisons
ACTH stimulation test
what test is done to diagnose cushings
low dose dexamethasone test (LDDT)
what diagnostic test is hallmark for diagnosing hyperparathyroidism
serum calcium levels
what is the preferred treatment for hyperparaythroidism
surgery
what is important to inform clients about in regards to a patient that has undergone a parathyroidectomy
monitor for hypocalcemia
what 4 things may cause secondary hypocalcemia
hypoparathyroidism, CRF, pancreatitis, eclampsia
eclampsia is aka
puerperal tetany
what are clinical signs of puerperal tetany
irritability, restlessness, salivation, facial pruritus, stiffness, ataxia, hyperthermia, tachycardia, muscle tremors
addisons dz is diagnosed with an ACTH stimulation test (t/f)
true
pituitary dependent cushings dz is the primary cause in large breed dogs (t/f)
false
calcium gluconate can be given IV slowly to animals with hypocalcemia as long as they are connected to an ECG
true
main mineralcorticoid produced by the body
aldosterone
hypercalcemia is seen with what disease
hyperparathyroidism
the parathyroid hormone controls blood ____ levels
calcium
what is aka the great pretender
hypoadrenocorticism (addisons)
