endocrine dz

Question 1

what glands are most commonly affected in small animals

Answer 1

thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, parathyroid, testes, ovaries

Question 2

usually endocrine disease occurs when one or more of the endocrine glands….. (3 things)

Answer 2

work ineffectively, work incorrectly, dont work at all

Question 3

____ is the active form of thyroid hormone

Answer 3

triiodothronine

Question 4

affects dogs more than cats

Answer 4

hypothyroid

Question 5

affects cats more than dogs

Answer 5

hyperthyroid

Question 6

clinical signs include: wt gain, bilaterally symmetrical alopecia, cold intolerant, skin infections, repro problems

Answer 6

hypothyroid

Question 7

insufficient thyroid hormone

Answer 7

hypothyroidism

Question 8

surplus of thyroid hormone

Answer 8

hyperthyroidism

Question 9

clinical signs include: wt loss, voracious appetite, vomiting, tachycardia +/- murmur, aggressive behavior, hyperactivity

Answer 9

hyperthyroid

Question 10

tx: levothyroxine

Answer 10

hypothyroid

Question 11

tx: methimazole

Answer 11

hyperthyroid

Question 12

radioactive iodine 131 tx

Answer 12

hyperthyroid

Question 13

insulin is produced in the __ cells of the pancreas while glucagon is produced in the __cells

Answer 13

beta, alpha

Question 14

what does serum fructose concentration (fructosamine) measure

Answer 14

average blood sugar concentration over time

Question 15

what does DKA stand for

Answer 15

diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 16

during DKA, the animal begins to break down its own ___ stores for energy. this leads to the production of ___. there are 3 types of ketones: ____,____,___

Answer 16

fat ; ketones ; acetoacetate, b-hydroxybutyrate, acetone

Question 17

ketones have a negative affect on ____

Answer 17

perfusion, bp, CO, homeostasis

Question 18

what is a plantigrade stance

Answer 18

walking flatfooted in the hind end, walking on hocks

Question 19

what laboratory finding might be found in a patient with DM

Answer 19

hyperglycemia, glucosuria, high BG

Question 20

what are signs of insulin overdose

Answer 20

weakness, incoordination, seizures, ataxia, coma

Question 21

what are 3 causes of insulin related hypoglycemia

Answer 21

too high dose of insulin, not feeding the pet with insulin, increased exercise, wt loss

Question 22

what are symptoms of pancreatitis

Answer 22

vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, painful abdomen

Question 23

what is an insulinoma

Answer 23

tumor of beta cells of the pancreas

Question 24

what species is commonly affected by insulinomas

Answer 24

ferrets

Question 25

if you were to run a BG on a patient with an insulinoma, would you expect it to be high, low or normal.

Answer 25

low

Question 26

what treatment is contraindicated in patients with insulinomas

Answer 26

IV dextrose

Question 27

what are the most common diseases of the adrenal gland

Answer 27

hypoadrenocorticism (addisons) / hyperadrenocorticism (cushings)

Question 28

what breeds are predisposed to addisons

Answer 28

middle aged females, standard poodles, labs, westies

Question 29

what are clinical signs of addisons

Answer 29

pu/pd, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, hypovolemic shock, metabolic acidosis

Question 30

what electrolyte abnormalities can occur with addisons

Answer 30

hyponatremia / hyperkalemia

Question 31

what test is done to diagnose addisons

Answer 31

ACTH stimulation test

Question 32

what test is done to diagnose cushings

Answer 32

low dose dexamethasone test (LDDT)

Question 33

what diagnostic test is hallmark for diagnosing hyperparathyroidism

Answer 33

serum calcium levels

Question 34

what is the preferred treatment for hyperparaythroidism

Answer 34

surgery

Question 35

what is important to inform clients about in regards to a patient that has undergone a parathyroidectomy

Answer 35

monitor for hypocalcemia

Question 36

what 4 things may cause secondary hypocalcemia

Answer 36

hypoparathyroidism, CRF, pancreatitis, eclampsia

Question 37

eclampsia is aka

Answer 37

puerperal tetany

Question 38

what are clinical signs of puerperal tetany

Answer 38

irritability, restlessness, salivation, facial pruritus, stiffness, ataxia, hyperthermia, tachycardia, muscle tremors

Question 39

addisons dz is diagnosed with an ACTH stimulation test (t/f)

Answer 39

true

Question 40

pituitary dependent cushings dz is the primary cause in large breed dogs (t/f)

Answer 40

false

Question 41

calcium gluconate can be given IV slowly to animals with hypocalcemia as long as they are connected to an ECG

Answer 41

true

Question 42

main mineralcorticoid produced by the body

Answer 42

aldosterone

Question 43

hypercalcemia is seen with what disease

Answer 43

hyperparathyroidism

Question 44

the parathyroid hormone controls blood ____ levels

Answer 44

calcium

Question 45

what is aka the great pretender

Answer 45

hypoadrenocorticism (addisons)