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Module 5 > endocrine dz > Flashcards

endocrine dz Flashcards

1
Q

what glands are most commonly affected in small animals

A

thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, parathyroid, testes, ovaries

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2
Q

usually endocrine disease occurs when one or more of the endocrine glands….. (3 things)

A

work ineffectively, work incorrectly, dont work at all

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3
Q

____ is the active form of thyroid hormone

A

triiodothronine

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4
Q

affects dogs more than cats

A

hypothyroid

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5
Q

affects cats more than dogs

A

hyperthyroid

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6
Q

clinical signs include: wt gain, bilaterally symmetrical alopecia, cold intolerant, skin infections, repro problems

A

hypothyroid

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7
Q

insufficient thyroid hormone

A

hypothyroidism

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8
Q

surplus of thyroid hormone

A

hyperthyroidism

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9
Q

clinical signs include: wt loss, voracious appetite, vomiting, tachycardia +/- murmur, aggressive behavior, hyperactivity

A

hyperthyroid

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10
Q

tx: levothyroxine

A

hypothyroid

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11
Q

tx: methimazole

A

hyperthyroid

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12
Q

radioactive iodine 131 tx

A

hyperthyroid

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13
Q

insulin is produced in the __ cells of the pancreas while glucagon is produced in the __cells

A

beta, alpha

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14
Q

what does serum fructose concentration (fructosamine) measure

A

average blood sugar concentration over time

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15
Q

what does DKA stand for

A

diabetic ketoacidosis

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16
Q

during DKA, the animal begins to break down its own ___ stores for energy. this leads to the production of ___. there are 3 types of ketones: ____,____,___

A

fat ; ketones ; acetoacetate, b-hydroxybutyrate, acetone

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17
Q

ketones have a negative affect on ____

A

perfusion, bp, CO, homeostasis

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18
Q

what is a plantigrade stance

A

walking flatfooted in the hind end, walking on hocks

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19
Q

what laboratory finding might be found in a patient with DM

A

hyperglycemia, glucosuria, high BG

20
Q

what are signs of insulin overdose

A

weakness, incoordination, seizures, ataxia, coma

21
Q

what are 3 causes of insulin related hypoglycemia

A

too high dose of insulin, not feeding the pet with insulin, increased exercise, wt loss

22
Q

what are symptoms of pancreatitis

A

vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, painful abdomen

23
Q

what is an insulinoma

A

tumor of beta cells of the pancreas

24
Q

what species is commonly affected by insulinomas

A

ferrets

25
Q

if you were to run a BG on a patient with an insulinoma, would you expect it to be high, low or normal.

A

low

26
Q

what treatment is contraindicated in patients with insulinomas

A

IV dextrose

27
Q

what are the most common diseases of the adrenal gland

A

hypoadrenocorticism (addisons) / hyperadrenocorticism (cushings)

28
Q

what breeds are predisposed to addisons

A

middle aged females, standard poodles, labs, westies

29
Q

what are clinical signs of addisons

A

pu/pd, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, hypovolemic shock, metabolic acidosis

30
Q

what electrolyte abnormalities can occur with addisons

A

hyponatremia / hyperkalemia

31
Q

what test is done to diagnose addisons

A

ACTH stimulation test

32
Q

what test is done to diagnose cushings

A

low dose dexamethasone test (LDDT)

33
Q

what diagnostic test is hallmark for diagnosing hyperparathyroidism

A

serum calcium levels

34
Q

what is the preferred treatment for hyperparaythroidism

A

surgery

35
Q

what is important to inform clients about in regards to a patient that has undergone a parathyroidectomy

A

monitor for hypocalcemia

36
Q

what 4 things may cause secondary hypocalcemia

A

hypoparathyroidism, CRF, pancreatitis, eclampsia

37
Q

eclampsia is aka

A

puerperal tetany

38
Q

what are clinical signs of puerperal tetany

A

irritability, restlessness, salivation, facial pruritus, stiffness, ataxia, hyperthermia, tachycardia, muscle tremors

39
Q

addisons dz is diagnosed with an ACTH stimulation test (t/f)

A

true

40
Q

pituitary dependent cushings dz is the primary cause in large breed dogs (t/f)

A

false

41
Q

calcium gluconate can be given IV slowly to animals with hypocalcemia as long as they are connected to an ECG

A

true

42
Q

main mineralcorticoid produced by the body

A

aldosterone

43
Q

hypercalcemia is seen with what disease

A

hyperparathyroidism

44
Q

the parathyroid hormone controls blood ____ levels

A

calcium

45
Q

what is aka the great pretender

A

hypoadrenocorticism (addisons)

Module 5 (18 decks)

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