cardio pharm Flashcards
cats should not receive lidocaine IV (t/f)
true
acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter that is secreted by the parasympathetic nervous system (t/f)
true
lidocaine is an example of an
sodium channel blocker
atenolol is an example of a
beta blocker
what are the three catecholamines
epinephrine, dopamine, norepepinephrine
which of the following can be added to lidocaine to cause vasoconstriction when used as a local anesthetic, but never given IV:
lasix, propofol, epinephrine
epinephrine
what is the drug of choice when treating ventricular tachycardia
lidocaine
vasoconstriction will cause hypotension (t/f)
false
positive inotropic drugs:
increase the force of cardiac contractions
which of the following antiarrhythmic drugs can be used when treating animals with ARVC
class 3 - potassium channel blockers
what happens when Beta-1 adrenergic receptors are stimulated
increased HR, increase cardiac contractions and increased force
in regards to the cardiovascular system, the parasympathetic nervous system causes what
slows HR, dilate vessels to GI tract, increase blood flow to kidneys, decrease size of bronchioles, miosis, little peripheral arteries
when talking about the parasympathetic nervous system, what neurotransmitter is stimulated
cholinergic
what is the selective beta-blocker that is commonly used in cats with HCM
atenolol
2 ACE-inhibitors
enalapril and benazepril
why would you avoid using pimobendan in a pt with HCM
heart is already enlarged, drug will cause increased contractability of the heart, more stress on the heart
what effect do inotropic drugs have on the cardiovascular system
affect the strength of contraction of a weakened heart, positive increase, negative decrease
what effect do inodilator drugs have on the CV system
increases the CO without increasing the workload of the heart
why is it good to start a patient in heart failure on vasodilators
reduce vessel constriction, reduces the amount of work the heart has to do
which class of antiarrhythmics is most commonly used in Boxers with ARVC disease
potassium channel blockers
3 catecholamines
epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine
why is epinephrine not given to treat heart failure
increases workload of the heart as well as increasing the chance of arrhythmias
what happens when alpha 2 adrenergic receptors are stimulated
inhibition of release further norepinehrine from the nerve terminal
why do we give animals with cardiomyopathies beta blockers
helps slow down the heart rate to allow a longer filling time and helps to prevent any arrhythmia formation
what type of drug mimics the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the body
adrenergic agonists / sympathetic drugs
where are muscarinic cholinergic receptors found
on the organs they affect not skeletal muscles
what happens when alpha 1 adrenergic receptors are stimulated
vasoconstriction of arterioles in skin, abdominal organs / mydriasis
what is AKA rest and digest
parasympathetic nervous system
what is the vasodilator used in dogs/cats with hypertension
amlodipine
giving lidocaine should be avoided in
cats
____ is the drug of choice for stimulating heart contractions and supporting the circulatory system after cardiac arrest
epinephrine
catecholamines work as ______ drugs as they ____ the contraction of a weakened heart
positive inotropic ; increase
___ is the antiplatelet drug that can safely be used in cats
clopidogrel
calcium channel blockers exert most of their effects on the ____
atria
loop diuretics work by preventing the reabsorption of ___ from the urine
sodium
vasoconstriction ____ the blood pressure while vasodilation ___ the blood pressure
increases ; decreases
digoxin is the trade name for
digitalis
pimobendan is the trade name for
vetmedin
furosemide is the trade name for
lasix
enalapril is the trade name for
enacard
sildenafil is the trade name for
viagra
acetylsalicylic acid is the trade name for
aspirin
nitroglycerine is the trade name for
nitro bid
propanolol is a ____
beta blocker
lidocaine is a
sodium channel blocker
procainamide is a
sodium channel blocker
sotalol is a
potassium channel blocker
atenolol is a
beta blocker
diltiazem is a
calcium channel blocker
digitoxin is a
cardiac glycosides
