musculoskeletal Flashcards
ligaments
- bands of tissue
-connect bones, joints, organs
ensures:
-joint moves in right direction
-joints don’t twist
-holds bones together
-prevents bones dislocating
-stabilises muscles&joints
Tendons
-cord of strong, flexible tissue
-muscles to bones
helps:
-move limbs
-absorbs impact muscles take
-squeeze muscle> pulls attached bone
Cartilage (general)
-flexible, strong tissue
-bones, ligaments, tendons, muscles
helps:
-absorbs shock bones take
-reduces friction>lubes joints
-helps joints keep their shape
Hyaline cartilage
-lines joints and caps ends of bones
helps:
-slippery, smooth>bones smoothly move past eachother in joint
-strong enough to help joints keep shape
fibrocartilage
-tough made from thick fibres
-strongest, least flexible
helps:
-hold part of body in place
-absorb impact
Elastic cartilage
-most flexible
helps:
-supports parts that need to bend and function
-bends and moves without hurting and returns to OG shape
long bone
-Femur
-compact bone>strength
-ends covered in cartilage> absorb shock
-creates leverage system> movement
short bone
-wrist, ankle
-support and stability
flat bone
-cranium, scapula, sternum
-protection for organs
-base for muscular attachment
irregular
-mandible, vertebrae
-strength
sesamoid
-patella
-embedded in tendon
-protect tendon
Types of muscular contraction
Isometric- do not create movement
concentric- muscles shortens under tension
eccentric- muscle lengthens under tension
Types of muscle fibres
Type I-slow twitch, oxidative, aerobic
Type IIa- fast twitch, oxidative glycolytic, anaerobic
Type IIb-fast twitch, glycolytic, anaerobic
types of joints
fibrous-held by only 1 ligament
cartilaginous-connection between articulating bones made of cartilage
synovial-most common
types of synovial joints
1.ball and socket:
-shoulder,hip
-F/E, Ab/Ad, R/C
2.hinge:
-elbow,knee
-F/E
3.pivot:
-neck
-R
4.conyloid
-wrist
-F/E, Ab/Ad
5.Gliding
-carpals, tarsals
