long term adaptations

Question 1

muscoskeletal long term

Answer 1

-larger number of capillaries around muscles
-larger number of mitochondria
-increased amounts of myoglobin
-increased efficiency of type 1 muscle fibres and utilisation of type 2b

Question 2

bones and joints long term

Answer 2

-tendons and ligaments increases in strength and flexibility
-increased in synovial fluid in joint, reducing friction

Question 3

cardiorespiratory long term

Answer 3

-increased capillarisation at the lungs
-increased utilisation of alveoli, reducing breathing frequency
-increased tidal and minute ventilation
-improved strength if diaphram and intercostal muscles

Question 4

cardiovascualr long term

Answer 4

-increase myocardium/cardiac hypertrophy
-reduced resting HR
-reduced systolic phase
-increased bp when exercising, decreased bp when resting
-more rbc, more haemoglobin

Question 5

aerobic: improvements to sporting performance

Answer 5

-higher v02 max
-work aerobically longer, raising anaerobic threshold, reducing OBLA and conserving glycogen and PC
-recovery times shorter
-myoglobin stores resaturated at a faster rate

Question 6

anaerobic adaptations (ATP-PC)

Answer 6

-muscle hypertrophy
-increased CP stores in muscle
-increased bone density
-development of type 2b muscle fibres and utilisation of type 2a
-neural system improves, firing pattern speeds up

Question 7

anarobic adaptations (anaerobic glycolysis)

Answer 7

-greater tolerance to lactic acid (buffering capacity)
-increased muscle temp -increased muscle glycogen stores

Question 8

anaerobic: improvements to sporting performance

Answer 8

-increase amount of force,power output, speed and strength
-remain in anaerobic zone for longer