aggression Flashcards
What is aggression in sport?
Aggression is intent to harm outside the rules of the game, with the goal of injuring or intimidating another person.
What is assertion?
Assertion is forceful but fair behaviour, within the rules of sport. It’s not intended to harm.
What are the two types of aggression?
Hostile aggression – driven by anger, intent to harm.
Instrumental aggression – used as a means to an end, goal-directed (e.g., winning possession).
What is instinct theory of aggression?
Aggression is innate and instinctive, often triggered by build-up of frustration. Associated with Lorenz – “fight or flight”.
Limitation of instinct theory?
Doesn’t account for environmental learning.
Not all aggression is spontaneous or instinctual.
Aggression can be controlled or learned.
What is the frustration-aggression hypothesis?
Suggests aggression occurs when a person is blocked from achieving a goal, causing frustration, which then leads to aggression.
Limitation of frustration-aggression theory?
Not all frustration leads to aggression.
Sometimes aggression occurs without frustration.
Doesn’t explain delayed or learned aggression.
What is social learning theory (Bandura) in aggression?
Aggression is learned through observing others, especially role models, and reinforced through rewards or lack of punishment.
Support for social learning theory?
Bandura’s Bobo doll experiment.
Explains why aggression may be more common in certain environments (e.g., violent sports).
What is aggressive cue hypothesis (Berkowitz)?
Aggression is more likely when frustration is paired with environmental cues (e.g., weapons, opposition, referee decisions).
Strategies to prevent aggression in sport?
Punishments (e.g., red cards, bans).
Promoting fair play and role models.
Use of stress management techniques (e.g., breathing control).
Changing environment (e.g., reduce cues like aggressive crowd).
What are somatic techniques to control aggression?
Progressive muscular relaxation, deep breathing, and biofeedback – reduce physical arousal.
What are cognitive techniques to control aggression?
Mental rehearsal, positive self-talk, thought stopping, visualisation – calm the mind and reduce aggressive thoughts.
