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BIOD 151 > Muscular System: Appendicular Muscles > Flashcards

Muscular System: Appendicular Muscles Flashcards

Lab 6 and 5.2: Muscles of Upper and Lower Extremities

1
Q

What is the origin of the trapezius?

A
  • Occipital bone
  • spinous process of T1-12
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2
Q

What is the insertion of the trapezius?

A
  • lateral clavicle
  • acromion
  • scapular spine of scapula
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3
Q

What actions does the trapezius perform?

A

Scapular
- Rotation
- Retraction
- Elevation
- Depression

Neck extension

Stabilizes shoulder

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4
Q

What is the innervation of the trapezius?

A

Accessory nerve (Cranial Nerve 11)

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5
Q

What is the origin of the levator scapulae?

A

Transverse process of C1-4

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6
Q

What is the insertion of the levator scapulae?

A

Medial border of scapula

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7
Q

What action does the levator scapulae perform?

A

Elevates scapula

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8
Q

What is the innervation of the levator scapulae?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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9
Q

What is the origin of the rhomboids?

A

Spinous process
- minor: C7-T1
- major: T2-5

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10
Q

What is the insertion of the rhomboids?

A

Medial border of scapula

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11
Q

What action do the rhomboids perform?

A

Retraction of scapula

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12
Q

What is the innervation of the rhomboids?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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13
Q

What is the origin of the pectoralis minor?

A

Ribs 3-5

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14
Q

What is the insertion of the pectoralis minor?

A

Coracoid process of scapula

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15
Q

What actions does the pectoralis minor perform?

A

Scapular
*ABduction
*depression
*downward rotation

  • elevates ribs
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16
Q

What is the innervation of the pectoralis minor?

A

Medial pectoral nerve

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17
Q

What is the origin of the serratus anterior?

A

ribs 1-9

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18
Q

What is the insertion of the serratus anterior?

A

Medial border of scapula

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19
Q

What action does the serratus anterior perform?

A

Scapular
-protraction
-aBduction
-depression

  • rib elevation
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20
Q

What is the innervation of the serratus anterior?

A

Long thoracic nerve
* C05-C07

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21
Q

What is the purpose of the rotator cuff?

A

To stabilize the humeral head inside the shoulder joint

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22
Q

What are the ‘SITS’ muscles?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

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23
Q

What is the origin of the deltoid?

A

Anterior head: Clavicle
Middle head: Acromion
Posterior head: Scapular spine

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24
Q

What is the insertion of the deltoid?

A

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus of the lateral side of the body

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25
Q

What action does the deltoid perform?

A

Abduction at shoulder (whole muscle)

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26
Q

What is the innervation of the deltoid?

A

Axillary nerve
*C05-C06

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27
Q

What is the origin of the pectoralis major?

A
  • Sternum
  • Ribs 2-6
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28
Q

What is the insertion of the pectoralis major?

A

Greater tubercle of humerus

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29
Q

What actions does the pectoralis major perform?

A

At Shoulder:
- flexion
- adduction
- medial rotation

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30
Q

What is the innervation of the pectoralis major?

A

Pectoral nerves

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31
Q

What is the origin of the supraspinatus?

A

Supraspinatus fossa of scapula

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32
Q

What is the insertion of the supraspinatus?

A

Greater tubercle of humerus

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33
Q

What action does the supraspinatus perform?

A

Abduction at the shoulder

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34
Q

What is the innervation of the supraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular nerve

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35
Q

What is the origin of the infraspinatus?

A

Infraspinatus fossa of scapula

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36
Q

What is the insertion of the infraspinatus?

A

Greater tubercle of humerus

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37
Q

What action does the infraspinatus perform?

A

Lateral rotation at shoulder

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38
Q

What is the innervation of the infraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular nerve

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39
Q

What is the origin of the teres minor?

A

Lateral border of scapula

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40
Q

What is the insertion of the teres minor?

A

Greater tubercle of humerus

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41
Q

What action does the teres minor perform?

A

Lateral rotation at shoulder

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42
Q

What is the innervation of the teres minor?

A

Axillary nerve

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43
Q

What is the origin of the teres major?

A

Inferior angle of scapula

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44
Q

What is the insertion of the teres major?

A

Intertubercular groove of humerus

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45
Q

What actions does the teres major perform?

A

Shoulder
- extension
- adduction
- medial rotation

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46
Q

What is the innervation of the teres major?

A

Lower subscapular nerve

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47
Q

What is the origin of the subscapularis?

A

Subscapular fossa of scapula

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48
Q

What is the insertion of the subscapularis?

A

Lesser tubercle of humerus

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49
Q

What action does the subscapularis perform?

A

Medial rotation at the shoulder

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50
Q

What is the innervation of the subscapularis?

A

Subscapular nerves

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51
Q

What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Spinous process of
- thoracic vertebrae T07-12
- lumbar vertebrae L01-05
- ribs 8-12

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52
Q

What is the insertion of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Intertubercular groove of humerus

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53
Q

What actions does the latissimus dorsi perform?

A

Shoulder
- extension
- adduction
- medial rotation

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54
Q

What is the innervation of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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55
Q

What is the origin of the coracobrachialis?

A

Coracoid process of scapula

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56
Q

What is the insertion of the coracobrachialis?

A

Medial shaft of humerus

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57
Q

What actions does the coracobrachialis perform?

A

Shoulder
- adduction
- flexion

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58
Q

What is the innervation of the coracobrachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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59
Q

What is the origin of the biceps brachii?

A

Short head- coracoid process; long head- supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

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60
Q

What is the insertion of the biceps brachii?

A

Tuberosity of radius

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61
Q

What actions does the biceps brachii perform?

A

Flexion at elbow and shoulder; supination

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62
Q

What is the innervation of the biceps brachii?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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63
Q

What is the origin of the brachialis?

A

Anterior/distal surface of humerus

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64
Q

What is the insertion of the brachialis?

A

Tuberosity of ulna

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65
Q

What action does the brachialis perform?

A

Flexion at elbow

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66
Q

What is the innervation of the brachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve and radial nerve

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67
Q

What is the origin of the brachioradialis?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

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68
Q

What is the insertion of the brachioradialis?

A

Lateral aspect of styloid process of radius

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69
Q

What action does the brachioradialis perform?

A

Flexion at elbow

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70
Q

What is the innervation of the brachioradialis?

A

Radial nerve

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71
Q

What is the origin of the triceps?

A

Lateral head – superior, lateral margin on humerus; Long head – infraglenoid tubercle of scapula; Medial head – posterior surface of humerus

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72
Q

What is the insertion of the triceps?

A

Olecranon of ulna

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73
Q

What action does the triceps perform?

A

Extension at elbow

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74
Q

What is the innervation of the triceps?

A

Radial nerve

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75
Q

What is the origin of the pronator teres?

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus

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76
Q

What is the insertion of the pronator teres?

A

Mid-lateral surface of radius

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77
Q

What action does the pronator teres perform?

A

Pronation

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78
Q

What is the innervation of the pronator teres?

A

Median nerve

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79
Q

What is the origin of the supinator?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

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80
Q

What is the insertion of the supinator?

A

Anterolateral surface of radius

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81
Q

What action does the supinator perform?

A

Supination

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82
Q

What is the innervation of the supinator?

A

Deep radial nerve

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83
Q

What is the action of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Wrist flexion, radial deviation of the hand

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84
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Median nerve

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85
Q

What is the action of the palmaris longus?

A

Wrist flexion

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86
Q

What is the innervation of the palmaris longus?

A

Median nerve

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87
Q

What is the action of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Wrist flexion, ulnar deviation of the hand

88
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Ulnar nerve

89
Q

What is the action of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Flexion of the wrist and digits 2-5 (middle and proximal phalanx)

90
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Median nerve

91
Q

What is the action of the flexor pollicis longus?

A

Flexion of thumb

92
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor pollicis longus?

A

Median nerve

93
Q

What is the action of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Wrist flexion, flexion of digits 2-5 (distal phalanx)

94
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Palmar interosseous nerve

95
Q

What is the action of the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Extension, abduction of the wrist

96
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Radial nerve

97
Q

What is the action of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Extension, abduction of the wrist

98
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Radial nerve

99
Q

What is the action of the extensor digitorum?

A

Wrist extension, extension of digits 2-5

100
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor digitorum?

A

Deep radial nerve

101
Q

What is the action of the extensor digiti minimi?

A

Wrist extension, extension of digit 5

102
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor digiti minimi?

A

Deep radial nerve

103
Q

What is the action of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Extension, adduction of the wrist

104
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Deep radial nerve

105
Q

What is the action of the abductor pollicis longus?

A

Abduction of wrist and thumb

106
Q

What is the innervation of the abductor pollicis longus?

A

Deep radial nerve

107
Q

What is the action of the extensor pollicis longus?

A

Thumb extension, wrist abduction

108
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor pollicis longus?

A

Deep radial nerve

109
Q

What is the action of the extensor pollicis brevis?

A

Thumb extension, wrist abduction

110
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor pollicis brevis?

A

Deep radial nerve

111
Q

What is the action of the extensor indicis?

A

Extension of wrist and digit 2

112
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor indicis?

A

Deep radial nerve

113
Q

What is hip extension?

A

Involves moving the thigh posteriorly (or backward movement of the thigh)

114
Q

What is hip flexion?

A

Moving the thigh anteriorly (or forward movement of the thigh)

115
Q

What is knee extension?

A

To straighten the knee, or to increase the angle of the joint

116
Q

What is knee flexion?

A

Bending the knee (decreasing the angle of the joint)

117
Q

What is lateral rotation?

A

To rotation away from the center of the body

118
Q

What is internal rotation?

A

To rotation towards the central axis of the body

119
Q

What is the iliopsoas group?

A

Psoas major and iliacus together are called iliopsoas

120
Q

What is the origin of the psoas major?

A

Transverse bodies of all lumbar vertebra

121
Q

What is the insertion of the psoas major?

A

Lesser trochanter of the femur (with iliacus)

122
Q

What action does the psoas major perform?

A

Hip flexion (or trunk flexion if femur is stationary)

123
Q

What is the innervation of the psoas major?

A

Lumbar plexus

124
Q

What is the origin of the iliacus?

A

Iliac fossa of ilium

125
Q

What is the insertion of the iliacus?

A

Lesser trochanter of femur

126
Q

What action does the iliacus perform?

A

Hip flexion

127
Q

What is the innervation of the iliacus?

A

Femoral nerve

128
Q

What is the origin of the gluteus maximus?

A

Posterior gluteal line of the ilium, lower sacrum, side of the coccyx

129
Q

What is the insertion of the gluteus maximus?

A

Gluteal tuberosity

130
Q

What actions does the gluteus maximus perform?

A

Abducts, extends, laterally rotates hip joint

131
Q

What is the innervation of the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

132
Q

What is the origin of the gluteus medius?

A

Gluteal surface of the ilium

133
Q

What is the insertion of the gluteus medius?

A

Greater trochanter of the femur

134
Q

What actions does the gluteus medius perform?

A

Abducts thigh, stabilizes the hip joint

135
Q

What is the innervation of the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

136
Q

What is the origin of the gluteus minimus?

A

Gluteal surface of the ilium

137
Q

What is the insertion of the gluteus minimus?

A

Greater trochanter of the femur

138
Q

What actions does the gluteus minimus perform?

A

Abducts thigh, stabilizes hip joint

139
Q

What is the innervation of the gluteus minimus?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

140
Q

What is the origin of the tensor fascia latae (TFL)?

A

ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)

141
Q

What is the insertion of the tensor fascia latae (TFL)?

A

Iliotibial tract

142
Q

What actions does the tensor fascia latae (TFL) perform?

A

Abducts and internally rotates thigh, stabilizes hip and knee joints

143
Q

What is the innervation of the tensor fascia latae (TFL)?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

144
Q

What is the action of the obturator externus?

A

Lateral rotation of thigh

145
Q

What is the innervation of the obturator externus?

A

Obturator nerve

146
Q

What is the action of the obturator internus?

A

Lateral rotation of thigh

147
Q

What is the innervation of the obturator internus?

A

Spinal nerves S1-3

148
Q

What is the action of the superior gemellus?

A

Lateral rotation, adduction, extension of hip joint

149
Q

What is the innervation of the superior gemellus?

A

Spinal nerves L5, S1

150
Q

What is the action of the inferior gemellus?

A

Lateral rotation, adduction, extension of hip joint

151
Q

What is the innervation of the inferior gemellus?

A

Spinal nerves L5, S1

152
Q

What is the action of the quadratus femoris?

A

Lateral rotation, adduction of hip joint

153
Q

What is the innervation of the quadratus femoris?

A

Spinal nerves L5, S1

154
Q

What is the action of the piriformis?

A

Lateral rotation, adduction, extension of hip joint

155
Q

What is the innervation of the piriformis?

A

Spinal nerves L5-S2

156
Q

What is the origin of the biceps femoris?

A

Long head, ischial tuberosity; short head, linea aspera of femur, lateral surface

157
Q

What is the insertion of the biceps femoris?

A

Head of the fibula, lateral surface

158
Q

What actions does the biceps femoris perform?

A

Knee flexion, hip extension

159
Q

What is the innervation of the biceps femoris?

A

Long head - tibial nerve; Short head - common fibular nerve

160
Q

What is the origin of the semitendinosus?

A

Ischial tuberosity

161
Q

What is the insertion of the semitendinosus?

A

Medial surface of tibia

162
Q

What action does the semitendinosus perform?

A

Knee flexion

163
Q

What is the innervation of the semitendinosus?

A

Tibial nerve

164
Q

What is the origin of the semimembranosus?

A

Ischial tuberosity

165
Q

What is the insertion of the semimembranosus?

A

Medial condyle of tibia

166
Q

What action does the semimembranosus perform?

A

Knee flexion

167
Q

What is the innervation of the semimembranosus?

A

Tibial nerve

168
Q

What is the origin of the rectus femoris?

A

AIIS (anterior inferior iliac spine)

169
Q

What is the insertion of the rectus femoris?

A

Common tendon of the quadriceps to tibial tuberosity

170
Q

What actions does the rectus femoris perform?

A

Knee extension, hip flexion

171
Q

What is the innervation of the rectus femoris?

A

Femoral nerve

172
Q

What is the origin of the vastus medialis?

A

Intertrochanteric line of femur

173
Q

What is the insertion of the vastus medialis?

A

Patella via quadriceps tendon; tibial tuberosity

174
Q

What action does the vastus medialis perform?

A

Knee extension

175
Q

What is the innervation of the vastus medialis?

A

Femoral nerve

176
Q

What is the origin of the vastus lateralis?

A

Greater trochanter of femur

177
Q

What is the insertion of the vastus lateralis?

A

Patella via quadriceps tendon; tibial tuberosity

178
Q

What action does the vastus lateralis perform?

A

Knee extension

179
Q

What is the innervation of the vastus lateralis?

A

Femoral nerve

180
Q

What is the origin of the vastus intermedius?

A

Anterior/lateral surfaces of femur

181
Q

What is the insertion of the vastus intermedius?

A

Common tendon of the quadriceps to tibial tuberosity

182
Q

What action does the vastus intermedius perform?

A

Knee extension

183
Q

What is the innervation of the vastus intermedius?

A

Femoral nerve

184
Q

What is the origin of the adductor longus?

A

Front of the pubis

185
Q

What is the insertion of the adductor longus?

A

Linea aspera

186
Q

What actions does the adductor longus perform?

A

Adducts, medially rotates thigh

187
Q

What is the innervation of the adductor longus?

A

Obturator nerve

188
Q

What is the origin of the adductor brevis?

A

Superior and inferior rami of the pubis

189
Q

What is the insertion of the adductor brevis?

A

Medial shaft femur, into the upper linea aspera

190
Q

What actions does the adductor brevis perform?

A

Adducts, medially rotates thigh

191
Q

What is the innervation of the adductor brevis?

A

Obturator nerve

192
Q

What is the origin of the adductor magnus?

A

Inferior ramus of pubis

193
Q

What is the insertion of the adductor magnus?

A

Adductor tubercle, medial condyle of the femur, linea aspera

194
Q

What actions does the adductor magnus perform?

A

Adducts, medially rotates thigh

195
Q

What is the innervation of the adductor magnus?

A

Obturator nerve

196
Q

What is the origin of the gracilis?

A

Lower half of pubic symphysis

197
Q

What is the insertion of the gracilis?

A

Superior shaft of tibia

198
Q

What actions does the gracilis perform?

A

Adductor of the thigh, flexes knee

199
Q

What is the innervation of the gracilis?

A

Obturator nerve

200
Q

What is the origin of the pectineus?

A

Pectineal line

201
Q

What is the insertion of the pectineus?

A

Posterior surface of the femur

202
Q

What action does the pectineus perform?

A

Adducts thigh

203
Q

What is the innervation of the pectineus?

A

Femoral nerve

204
Q

What is the action of the Gracilis muscle?

A

Adductor of the thigh, flexes knee

Innervation: obturator nerve

205
Q

What is the origin of the Pectineus muscle?

A

Pectineal line

Innervation: femoral nerve

206
Q

What is the action of the Sartorius muscle?

A

Hip: flexion, abduction, external rotation; Knee: flexion, internal rotation

Origin: ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine), Insertion: superior shaft of tibia, Innervation: femoral nerve

207
Q

What is the action of the Tibialis Anterior muscle?

A

Dorsiflexion, inversion of foot

Origin: lateral condyle of tibia, Insertion: base of metatarsal 1, medial cuneiform, Innervation: deep peroneal nerve

208
Q

What is the action of the Extensor Digitorum Longus muscle?

A

Extends digits 2-5, dorsiflexion of foot

Origin: lateral condyle of tibia, Insertion: distal phalanges of digits 2-5, Innervation: deep peroneal nerve

209
Q

What is the action of the Extensor Hallucis Longus muscle?

A

Extension of digit 1, dorsiflexion of foot

Origin: anterior surface of fibula, Insertion: dorsal surface of digit 1 (great toe), Innervation: deep peroneal nerve

210
Q

What is the action of the Peroneus Brevis muscle?

A

Plantarflex and evert foot (pronate)

Origin: lateral, distal fibula, Insertion: lateral side of 5th metatarsal, Innervation: superficial peroneal nerve

211
Q

What is the action of the Peroneus Longus muscle?

A

Plantarflex and evert foot (pronate)

Origin: posterior surface of tibia, superior fibula, Insertion: base of metatarsal 1, Innervation: superficial peroneal nerve

212
Q

What is the action of the Gastrocnemius muscle?

A

Plantarflexion of foot, knee flexion

Origin: medial and lateral heads: posterior surfaces of medial and lateral femoral condyles, Insertion: posterior surface of calcaneus via Achilles tendon, Innervation: tibial nerve

213
Q

What is the action of the Soleus muscle?

A

Plantarflexion of foot

Origin: posterior surface of fibula, medial region of posterior tibia, Insertion: posterior surface of calcaneus via Achilles tendon, Innervation: tibial nerve

214
Q

What is the action of the Tibialis Posterior muscle?

A

Plantarflexion, inversion and adduction of foot

Origin: posterior surface of tibia, interosseous membrane, medial surface of fibula, Insertion: navicular bone, cuneiforms (3), cuboid, and metatarsals 2-4, Innervation: tibial nerve

215
Q

What is the action of the Flexor Digitorum Longus muscle?

A

Flexion of digits 2-5; inversion and plantarflexion of foot

Origin: posterior surface of tibia, Insertion: inferior surface of distal phalanges 2-5, Innervation: deep peroneal nerve

216
Q

What is the action of the Flexor Hallucis Longus muscle?

A

Flexion of digit 1, inversion and plantarflexion of foot

Origin: posterior fibula, Insertion: inferior surface of distal phalanx of digit 1 (great toe), Innervation: tibial nerve (deep peroneal branch)

BIOD 151 (19 decks)

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