Final Exam

Question 1

What is retraction?

Answer 1

Movement of a structure to be drawn in a posterior direction

Question 2

What is protraction?

Answer 2

Movement of a structure to be drawn in an anterior direction

Question 3

True/False: The ventral cavity primarily protects the nervous system organs.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

True/False: The dorsal cavity primarily protects the nervous system organs.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

True/False: Prokaryotic cells are typically smaller than eukaryotic cells.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

True/False: DNA of a prokaryotic cell is enclosed in a nuclear membrane.

Answer 6

False

Question 7

True/False: Prokaryotic cells contain plasma membranes and ribosomes.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

True/False: Prokaryotic cells do not contain lysosomes and Golgi apparatus.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

True/False: Ribosomes synthesize lipids.

Answer 9

False; ribosomes synthesize proteins. Smooth ER synthesize lipids.

Question 10

True/False: Cell walls are found mainly in plants and bacteria.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

True/False: Bacteria and plants contain multiple layers of cellulose fibers.

Answer 11

False

Question 12

True/False: Cell walls act as protection for bacteria.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

True/False: Bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan structure.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What is the diffusion of relatively larger lipid insoluble (polar) molecules through the cell membrane with the assistance of integral carrier proteins?

Answer 14

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 15

What is osmosis?

Answer 15

The diffusion of a solvent that passes through a semipermeable membrane from higher concentration to lower concentration

Question 16

What is hypotonic?

Answer 16

Solute particles outside of a cell are of lesser concentration than inside of the cell

Question 17

What is hypertonic?

Answer 17

The solution contains more solute particles than the cell and has a lower water concentration

Question 18

True/False: The sodium-potassium pump in cell membrane requires active transport.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

True/False: The sodium-potassium pump in cell membrane; Ions, because of their polar nature, do not require carrier proteins to cross the membrane.

Answer 19

False

Question 20

True/False: The sodium-potassium pump in cell membrane; Sodium ions move actively inside of the cell after they have diffused outward.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

True/False: The sodium-potassium pump in cell membrane maintains an electrical gradient across the membrane.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

True/False: The left lung has 2 lobes.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Where do the pulmonary vessels and bronchi enter through each lung?

Answer 23

The hilum

Question 24

True/False: The tongue’s attachments are the hyoid bone, the mandible, and the lingual frenulum.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

True/False: The mouth is made of the following structure: the lips form the opening; the tongue forms the floor; the cheeks form the walls; the hard and soft palates form the roof; and the uvula forms the posterior border.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

What type of bones are small and round, reinforcing tendons?

Answer 26

Sesamoid

Question 27

True/False: A foramen is hollow chamber in bone, usually filled with air.

Answer 27

False

Question 28

What type of nerves carry signals from the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) to a specific muscle destination to provide movement?

Answer 28

Peripheral or Motor or Efferent Nerves

Question 29

True/False: Tendons are connective tissue that connect bone to bone, helping to stabilize joints where bones meet.

Answer 29

False, ligaments fit this definition.

Question 30

True/False: Secondary endocrine organs include the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland and pancreas.

Answer 30

False, they are primary endocrine glands.

Question 31

List the three layers of skin from superficial to deep.

Answer 31

Epidermis - Dermis - Hypodermis

Question 32

What are the three terms in relation to the size of the body for effective gas exchange?

Answer 32

Moist - Thin - Large

Question 33

True/False: During exhalation, the rib cage is lowered, the diaphragm rises, the thoracic pressure increases, and air will naturally move out of the lungs where the pressure is lower.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

True/False: Peptides result from the first step in protein digestion.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Which metabolic process has the goal to create many electron carriers?

Answer 35

TCA cycle

Question 36

True/False: A unique feature of compact bone is the arrangement of osteons.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

The lateral collateral ligament connects which bones?

Answer 37

Femur and Fibula

Question 38

What type of muscle tissue can be found in the digestive tract and can it be controlled voluntarily?

Answer 38

Smooth muscle is found within the internal organs and is not under conscious control. Under the microscope, smooth muscle is free of striations.

Question 39

After acetylcholine is released into the NMJ and binds to the sarcolemma, what is the next step in muscle contraction?

Answer 39

Sodium channels open, allowing influx of sodium ions in the sarcoplasm.

Question 40

What hormone is released from the anterior pituitary and causes the mammary glands in the breasts to develop?

Answer 40

Prolactin

Question 41

Describe the purpose of fibroblasts in the tissue repair process.

Answer 41

Fibroblasts help to secrete new collagen in the shape of the old tissue. - The collagen framework supports the tissue matrix in the shape of the old cells until new cells are fully developed.

Question 42

In this respiratory disease, damage to the alveoli causes loss of ventilation and difficulty breathing.

Answer 42

Emphysema

Question 43

This disease process causes synovial joints to become thick and inflamed.

Answer 43

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 44

After being out in the sun, your patient’s skin turns red and dry but does not blister. What type of burn would best describe this injury? What layers of the skin are damaged?

Answer 44

First degree burn - Epidermis only

Question 45

This condition can occur when PTH is not produced in response to low blood calcium.

Answer 45

Tetany