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BIOD 151 > 5.1: Anatomy of the Muscular System > Flashcards

5.1: Anatomy of the Muscular System Flashcards

Key Terms

1
Q

What is conscious control?

A

Ability to move muscles at own will

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2
Q

Define peripheral nerves.

A
  • Nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord
  • they send messages to and from the brain
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3
Q

What constitutes the central nervous system?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

What are motor actions?

A
  • Message FROM the central nervous system
  • TO a muscle
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5
Q

What are sensory actions?

A
  • Message FROM the external environment
  • TO a central nervous system
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6
Q

What is the function of tendons?

A

Connect skeletal muscle to bone; flexible, can bend at joints, cushion against sudden movement

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7
Q

What do ligaments connect?

A

Bone to bone; stabilize joints

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8
Q

What is the origin in muscle anatomy?

A
  • the bony site of attachment that is stationary during the movement
  • the “fixed” point
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9
Q

Define insertion in muscle contraction.

A

Place that is MOVED during a muscle contraction

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10
Q

What is the action of a muscle?

A

The EFFECT produced by the muscle’s contraction

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11
Q

What does innervation refer to?

A

The peripheral nerve that supplies a muscle with a message from the brain

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12
Q

What is the action of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Eye closure

Innervation: facial nerve (CN VII)

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13
Q

What action does the orbicularis oris perform?

A

Mouth closure; closes lips, protrudes lips forward, presses lips against teeth

Innervation: facial nerve (CN VII)

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14
Q

What is the function of the zygomaticus major?

A

Pull corners of lips upward

Innervation: facial nerve (CN VII)

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15
Q

What is the action of the risorius?

A

Pulls the corners of the mouth posteriorly (grin or grimace)

Innervation: facial nerve (CN VII)

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16
Q

What does the occipitofrontalis do?

A

Raises eyebrows

Innervation: facial nerve (CN VII)

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17
Q

What is the action of the buccinator?

A

Compress cheeks

Innervation: facial nerve (CN VII)

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18
Q

What action does the masseter perform?

A

Jaw closure

Innervation: trigeminal nerve (CN V, mandibular branch)

19
Q

What is the action of the temporalis?

A

Elevates mandible, closes jaw

Innervation: trigeminal nerve (CN V, mandibular branch)

20
Q

Define lateral flexion.

A

Side bending of the neck; side flexion

21
Q

What is neck flexion?

A

Action of moving chin towards the sternum

22
Q

What does bilaterally mean?

A

Both sides

23
Q

What does unilaterally refer to?

A

One side

24
Q

What is the origin of the semispinalis capitis?

A

Articular processes of inferior cervical & transverse process of superior thoracic vertebrae

25
Q

What is the insertion of the semispinalis capitis?

A

Occipital bone

26
Q

What is the action of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

Bilateral: neck flexion; Unilateral: turns face to opposite side

Origin: sternal end of clavicle and manubrium; Innervation: accessory nerve (CN XI)

27
Q

What is the action of the splenius capitis?

A

Bilateral extend head; Unilateral laterally flexes neck to same side

Origin: spinous process/ligaments of inferior cervical vertebrae; Innervation: cervical spinal nerves

28
Q

What does the longissimus cervicis do?

A

Bilateral extend head; Unilateral laterally flexes neck to same side

Origin: transverse processes of superior thoracic vertebrae; Innervation: cervical and thoracic spinal nerves

29
Q

What is the origin of longissimus thoracis?

A

Transverse process of all thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

30
Q

What is the action of the thyrohyoid?

A

Elevates thyroid, depresses hyoid bone

Origin: thyroid cartilage of larynx; Innervation: hypoglossal nerve

31
Q

What is the action of the scalenes?

A

Elevates ribs 1 & 2

Origin: transverse processes of C2-C7; Innervation: cervical spinal nerves

32
Q

Define spine flexion.

A

Forward bending the trunk; ‘cat’ stretch

33
Q

What is spine extension?

A

Backward bending the trunk; ‘cow’ stretch

34
Q

What is the medial column of erector spinae?

A

Spinalis

Made up of three divisions (spinalis thoracis, spinalis cervicis, and spinalis capitis)

35
Q

What is the intermediate column of erector spinae?

A

Longissimus

Made up of three divisions (longissimus thoracis, longissimus cervicis, longissimus capitis)

36
Q

What is the lateral column of erector spinae?

A

Iliocostalis

Made up of three divisions (iliocostalis lumborum, iliocostalis thoracis, iliocostalis cervicis)

37
Q

What is the origin of the rectus abdominis?

A

Pubic crest, pubic symphysis

38
Q

What is the action of the external oblique?

A

Bilateral: flexion of the spine, compress the abdomen; Unilateral: flexes trunk to same side, rotates to opposite side

Origin: sternum, ribs (5-12); Innervation: lower intercostal, ilioinguinal nerves

39
Q

What does the internal oblique do?

A

Compresses abdomen, depresses ribs, flexes spine

Origin: iliac crest, lumbodorsal fascia; Innervation: lower intercostal, ilioinguinal nerves

40
Q

What is the action of the transverse abdominis?

A

Compression of abdomen

Origin: lateral inguinal ligament, inner iliac crest; Innervation: first lumbar nerve (T7-L1), iliohypogastric (T12-L1), ilioinguinal (T12-L1)

41
Q

What is the origin of the diaphragm?

A

Cartilage of ribs 7-12, xiphoid process, lumbar vertebrae

42
Q

What is the action of the internal intercostals?

A

Depresses ribs (forced expiration)

Origin: superior border of ribs 2-12; Innervation: intercostal nerves

43
Q

What is the function of the external intercostals?

A

Elevates ribs (normal inspiration)

Origin: lower border of ribs 1-11; Innervation: intercostal nerves

BIOD 151 (17 decks)

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