3.2 Anatomy of Mouth, Pharynx & Esophagus Flashcards
mouth
- beginning of the gastrointestinal tract
- made of
lips
tongue
cheeks
hard & soft palate
uvula
Lips
form the opening of the mouth
Tongue
forms the floor of the mouth
- a muscle attached to the mandible, hyoid bone and lingual frenulum to contract for movement
Cheeks
form the walls of the mouth
Hard & Soft Palate
form the roof of the mouth
Uvula
forms the posterior border of the mouth
- a process that hangs inferiorly from its attachment to the soft palate
Lingual frenulum
the vertical mucous membrane by which the body of the tongue is attached to the floor of the mouth
mastication
a mechanical process where food is chewed by the teeth in the mouth
Amylase
enzyme derived from the salivary glands
Maxilla
upper arch of teeth
Mandible
lower arch of teeth
number of teeth
set of 32
Types of teeth
- Incisors (central & lateral)
- Canine (cuspid)
- Premolar (bicuspid)
- Molar
Incisors
chisel shaped tooth for biting
Canine (cuspid)
pointed tooth for tearing
Premolar (bicuspid)
increasingly flat tooth for grinding
Molar
flat teeth for crushing
main parts of a tooth
- root
- neck
- crown
root
- largest portion of each tooth
- located within the alveolar process of the jaw bone
neck
located within the upper portion of the gums (gingiva)
crown
- visible portion of the tooth
- lies above the gum line
Dentin
bone-like substance composing most of each tooth
Enamel
- located on the surface of the crown
- very hard connective tissue that protects the rest of the tooth.
Pulp cavity
- At the center of each tooth
- contains nerves and blood vessels
- allows for sensations of heat, cold, and pain
Tongue
- grips the food
- constantly repositions it between the teeth
- forming it into a bolus
- pushes the bolus back to the pharynx to begin the process of swallowing
Bolus
compact mass of masticated food
Papillae
- raised bumps on the tongue
- circumvallate
- fungiform
- filiform
Taste buds
- chemical receptors that are stimulated by the chemical composition of food
- found primarily on the tongue, surface of the mouth & wall of the pharynx
- located within circumvallate and fungiform papillae
Pharynx
- the throat
- connects the mouth to the esophagus
Parts of the Pharynx
- nasopharynx (where air enters the nose or nasal cavity)
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
Types skeletal muscles in Pharynx
- circumferential outer layer
- inner longitudinal layer
- contract alternatively causing peristalsis which squeezes food into the esophagus.
Epiglottis
a flap of elastic cartilage that covers the larynx when swallowing food or liquid
Coughing
- clears the larynx
- body’s way of preventing aspiration of food or liquid into the lungs.
Aspiration
food or liquid into the lungs can cause aspiration pneumonia
Esophagus
- extends from the pharynx to the stomach passing through diaphragm
- a muscular tube, containing four layers of tissue
Four layers of digestive tissue
- mucosa
- submucosa
- muscularis externa
- serosa
- found in esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine
Mucosa
- first or innermost layer
- secretes mucus into the interior the gastrointestinal tract
Submucosa
- second layer
- contains blood and lymph vessels, lymph nodes, nerves, and mucous glands
Muscularis externa
- third layer
- made of two layers of muscle
- outer longitudinal fibers
- inner circumferential fibers
Serosa
- fourth and outermost layer
- made up of cells that make serous fluid
