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BIOD 151 > Module 6 Notes > Flashcards

Module 6 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Why will a woman with low levels of LH not be able to become pregnant?

A
  1. LH acts on the ovary to cause ovulation to occur.
  2. LH causes progesterone release to facilitate potential fertilization of the egg and pregnancy. Progesterone is the key hormone for the maintenance of pregnancy.
  3. Low LH levels could reduce the fertilization potential and pregnancy.
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2
Q

Do females have testosterone in their bloodstream?

A

Yes, both male and female genders produce all the sex hormones. However, the ratios are different.

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3
Q

What produces the opposite sex hormones in the body?

A

The adrenal glands are responsible for producing the opposite sex hormones.

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4
Q

What is positive feedback?

A

Positive feedback is the action of the increased production of that hormone. The opposite of negative feedback.

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5
Q

Give an example of a hormone that works through positive feedback.

A

Oxytocin causes the uterus to contract during pregnancy. Oxytocin enhances the effects of uterine contractions, causing more oxytocin to be released. The positive loop is stopped when the baby is born and the uterus no longer needs to contract, stopping the production of oxytocin.

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6
Q

What type of hormone is derived from cholesterol?

A

Steroid hormone

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7
Q

Where is the growth hormone (GH) produced?

A

Anterior Pituitary Gland

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8
Q

Neurosecretory cells are part of what endocrine organ?

A

Hypothalamus

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9
Q

Which hormone production is increased by sunlight?

A

MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone)

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10
Q

What hormones does the posterior pituitary gland store?

A

ADH and oxytocin

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11
Q

What hormone lowers the level of calcium in the blood while depositing calcium in the bone?

A

Calcitonin

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12
Q

What hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate the thyroid?

A

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)

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13
Q

What hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate the adrenal cortex?

A

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

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14
Q

What hormone is secreted by the alpha cells in the pancreas?

A

Glucagon

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15
Q

Why would increased secretion of ACTH be harmful for someone who is diabetic?

A
  1. ACTH controls the secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex. Increased levels of ACTH would cause an increase of cortisol levels in the blood.
  2. Cortisol increases blood glucose levels which will decrease the effectiveness of insulin treatment.
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16
Q

Where is the thyroid stimulating hormone produced?

A

Anterior pituitary gland

17
Q

Which gland decreases in size with age?

A

Thymus

18
Q

Iodine is needed to produce which hormones?

A

T3 & T4 (thyroid hormones cannot be produced without iodine)

19
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of oxytocin?

A

Bone growth

20
Q

Which hormones are produced in the anterior pituitary gland?

A

ACTH, GH, and prolactin

21
Q

Why does the thyroid enlarge during an iodine deficiency?

A
  1. When there are low levels of thyroxin in the blood, this stimulates the production of TSH.
  2. The thyroid responds by increasing in size and producing a goiter.
  3. The size increase is ineffective because thyroxin cannot be produced without iodine.
22
Q

What hormone is produced according to the body’s normal rhythm?

A

Melatonin

23
Q

What condition results from underproduction of GH as a child?

A

Pituitary dwarf

24
Q

What condition results from overproduction of GH as a adult?

A

Acromegaly

25
Q

What condition does cortisol help to counteract?

A

Inflammation

26
Q

What results if PTH is not produced in response to low blood calcium?

A

Tetany

27
Q

In addition to the endocrine system, the pancreas is part of which system?

A

Digestive

28
Q

Which part of the adrenal gland is vital to life?

A

Adrenal cortex

29
Q

What does aldosterone do?

A

target organ: kidney
target function: promote renal absorption of sodium and renal excretion of potassium
- Causes the kidneys to excrete potassium and retain sodium

30
Q

What condition occurs if you are calcium deficient and there is no hormonal compensation?

A

Tetany

31
Q

What does estrogen do?

A

Causes growth of the uterus and vagina

32
Q

Explain the concept of negative feedback. Give an example of an hormone that works through negative feedback.

A

Negative feedback is one way the body maintains homeostasis or set-point. set-point is a range in which the body acts to maintain all its levels for function.
- Antidireutic Hormone (ADH)
1. Hypothalamus detects low blood volume (high sodium concentration in the blood)
2. Posterior Pituitary gland releases ADH
3. Kidney are signaled to retain water.
4. Blood is diluted with water.
5. Hypothalamus stops signaling the release of ADH (until another low blood volume detection)

BIOD 151 (23 decks)

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