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Module 7 > Muscles & Tendons of Distal Limb > Flashcards

Muscles & Tendons of Distal Limb Flashcards

1
Q

what do the muscles of the antebrachium affect

A

joints of carpus and digits

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2
Q

where do muscles of the antebrachium originate

A

from epicondyles of humerus

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3
Q

where is the muscle belly of the atenbrachium muscles located

A

in antebrachium

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4
Q

where is the tendon insertion of the antebrachium muscles

A

distal to the carpus

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5
Q

where is the origin and insertion of the extensory carpi radialis muscle

A

O = lateral epicondyle of humerus

I = metacarpal bones

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6
Q

where is the extensor carpi radialis muscle located

A

cranial aspect of antebrachium

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7
Q

what is the function of the extensor carpi radialis muscle

A

crosses dorsal aspect carpus –> carpal EXTENSOR

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8
Q

what is the nerve supply to the extensor carpi radialis muscle

A

radial nerve

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9
Q

where does the oblique muscle cross and why is this a useful landmark

A

crosses at level at carpus

useful landmark for extensor carpi radialis muscle

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10
Q

what muscle is this

A

extensor carpi radialis muscle

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11
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the common digital extensor muscle

A

O = lateral epicondyle of humerus

I = all digits (distal phalanx - extensor process)

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12
Q

what is the location of the common digital extensor muscle

A

cranio-lateral aspect of antebrachium

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13
Q

what muscle is this

A

common digital extensor muscle

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14
Q

what is the funciton of the common digital extensor muscle

A

crosses dorsal aspect carpus –> carpal extensor

crosses dorsal aspect metacarpo-phalangeal joints & interphalangeal joints –> digital extensor

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15
Q

what is the nerve supply to the common digital extensor muscle

A

radial nerve

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16
Q

where do the digital extensory muscle tendons insert to

A

dorsal aspect of limb

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17
Q

how many branches are there of the common digital extensor muscle tendons in the dog

A

4 branches (+1 to dew claw)

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18
Q

how many branches of the common digital extensor muscle tendons are in the horse

A

1 branch

attaches dorsal aspect phalanges

protected by joint capsules (bursae)

recieves suspensory ligament branches

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19
Q

what muscle tendon is this

A

common digital extensor muscle tendons

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20
Q

where is the origin and insertion of the extensor capri ulnaris/ulnaris lateralis muscle

A

O = lateral epicondyle of humerus

I = metacarpal bone + ACB

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21
Q

where is the location of the extensor capri ulnaris/ulnaris lateralis muscle

A

lateral aspect of the antebrachium

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22
Q

what is the function of the extensor capri ulnaris/ulnaris lateralis muscle

A

crosses lateral aspect of carpus

carpal extensory + flexor

depends on the position of the limb

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23
Q

what is the nerve supply of the extensory capri ulnaris/ulnaris lateralis muscle

A

radial nerve

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24
Q

what muscle is this

A

extensory capri ulnaris/ulnaris lateralis muscle

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25
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the flexor capri ulnaris muscle

A

O = medial epicondyle

O = olecranon process of ulna

I = ACB

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26
Q

what is the function of the flexor capri ulnaris muscle

A

crosses caudal aspect carpus –> carpal flexor

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27
Q

what is the nerve supply to the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

A

median & ulnar nerves

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28
Q

what muscle is this

A

flexor capri ulnaris muscle

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29
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the superficial digital flexor muscle

A

O = medial epicondyle

I = all digits (middle phalanx)

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30
Q

what is the location of the superficial digital flexor muscle

A

caudal aspect of the limb

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31
Q

what is the function of the superficial digital flexor muscle

A

crosses palmar aspect of carpus –> carpal flexor

crosses palmar aspect of metacarpo-phalangeal joints & proximal interphalangeal joints –> digital flexor

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32
Q

what is the nerve supply of the superficial digital flexor muscle

A

median and ulnar nerves

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33
Q

what muscle is this

A

superficial digital flexor muscle

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34
Q

where are the superficial digital flexor muscle tendons insertions

A

palmar aspect of digit

35
Q

how many branches of the superficial digital flexor muscle tendons are there in the dog

A

4 branches (1+ dew claw)

36
Q

how many branches of the superficial digital flexor muscle tendons are there in the horse

A

1 branch

recieves accessory check ligament from radius –> proximal to carpus (limits length of tendon and protects muscle belly)

37
Q

what is the function of the superficial digital flexor muscle tendons

A

splits to allow passage of DDFT and insters middle phalanx

38
Q

what is this muscle

A

superficial digital flexor muscle tendons

top arrow = accessory check ligament

bottom arrow = SDFT

39
Q

what muscle is this

A

superficial digital flexor muscle tendon

40
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the deep digital flexor muscle

A

O = medial epicondyle

O = radius and ulna

I = all digits (palmar process distal phalanx)

41
Q

what is the location of the deep digital flexor muscle

A

caudal aspect of limb

42
Q

what is the function of the deep digital flexor muscle

A

crosses palmar aspect carpus –> carpal flexor

crosses palmar aspect metacarpo-phalangeal joints & both interphalangeal joints –> digital flexor

43
Q

what is the nerve supply to the deep digital flexor muscle

A

median and ulnar nerves

44
Q

what muscle is this

A

deep digital flexor muscle

45
Q

where do the deep digital flexor muscle tendons of insertion

A

palmar aspect limb

46
Q

how many branches of the deep digital flexor muscle tendons are there in the dog

A

4 branches (+1 to dew claw)

47
Q

how many branches of the deep digital flexor muscle tendon are there in the horse

48
Q

what does the deep digital flexor muscle tendon recieve in the horse

A

accessory check ligament

49
Q

what is the function of the deep digital flexor muscle tendon in the horse and where does it run

A

extension of carpal joint capsule

distal to carpus

limits length of tendon/protects muscle belly

50
Q

what is the function of the deep digital flexor muscle tendon in the horse and dog

A

pass through split in the SDFT to insert to distal phalanx

horse runs over distal sesamoid

51
Q

what are the extensor muscles of the distal limb

A
  1. extensor capri radialis
  2. extensor carpi unaris
  3. common digital extensor
52
Q

what are the origin of the extensor muscles of the distal limb

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

53
Q

where are the extensor muscles located in the distal limb

A

cranial/dorsal aspect of limb

54
Q

what is the nerve supply of the extensor muscles of the distal limb

A

radial nerve

55
Q

what are the flexor muscles in the distal limb

A
  1. flexor carpi ulnaris
  2. superficial digital flexor
  3. deep digital flexor
56
Q

what are the origins of the flexor muscles in the distal limb

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

57
Q

where are the flexor muscles located in the distal limb

A

located caudal/palmar aspect of limb

58
Q

what is the nerve supply of the flexor muscles in the distal limb

A

median and ulnar nerves

59
Q

where do the extensor and flexor tendons run in the equine carpus

A

extensor tendons - dorsal aspect

flexor tendons - palmar aspect

run through the carpal canal

60
Q

what are the boundaries of carpal canal

A

dorsal: palmar aspect of carpal joint capsule
lateral: ACB
palmar: palmar flexion retinaculum (sleeve of fibrous tissue encasing limb)

61
Q

what are the contents of the carpal canal

A

deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT)

superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT)

blood vessels & nerves

62
Q

what is a tendon sheath

A

fluid filled

protects tendon where pass through confined spaces

63
Q

what does inflammation in a tendon sheath cause

A

increased fluid volume/pressure

bulges proximally and distally

64
Q

what is on the dorsal aspect of the equine limb

65
Q

how is the CDE held in place

A

by retinaculum

66
Q

how are the SDFT and DDFT held in place

A

carpal canal

annular ligaments (fetlock and pastern regions)

length limited by check ligaments

67
Q

which ligament is this

A

common digital extensor

68
Q

which ligaments are these

A

annular ligaments

69
Q

what tendons are on the dorsal aspect of the equine limb

A

the extensor tendons

70
Q

what tendons are on the palmar aspect of the equine limb

A

SDFT

DDFT

check ligament (fuses with DDFT)

suspensory ligament (splits into 2 branches)

71
Q

what are these structures

A

a. SDFT
b. DDFT
c. check ligament (fuses with DDFT)
d. suspensory ligament (splits into 2 branches)

72
Q

what are these structures

A
  1. splints
  2. joint capsule (between suspensory ligament and MC/MT3)
  3. tendon sheath (palmar to suspensory ligament and proximal to annular ligament)
73
Q

what structures are shown

74
Q

what structures are shown

A

deep digital flexor muscle tendons

yellow arrow = accessory check ligament in horse

blue arrow = SDFT

75
Q

identify the structures of the antebrachium

76
Q

identify the structures of the antebrachium

77
Q

identify the deep structures of the antebrachium

78
Q

identify the structures

79
Q

identify the major extensors and flexors of the forelimb in the dog

80
Q

identify the muscles of the equine forelimb

81
Q

identify the muscles of the equine forelimb

82
Q

identify the structures

83
Q

what are the functions of the SDFT and DDFT

A

provide palmar support for carpus and all distal limb joints

Module 7 (50 decks)

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