Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Module 7 > Bones and Joints of Equine Distal Limb Q's > Flashcards

Bones and Joints of Equine Distal Limb Q's Flashcards

1
Q

what are the components of the carpus

A

proximal row: radial carpal bone (RCB), intermediate carpal bone (ICB), ulnar carpal bone (UCB), accessory carpal bone (ACB) distal row: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th carpal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the differences in the equine carpus

A

3rd CB largest 1st CB absent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the differences in the canine carpus

A

radial and intermediate CBs are fused

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how many centres of ossification does the carpus develop from

A

one centre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which carpal bones develop from more than 1 centre of ossification

A

accessory carpal bone (2) and the fused radio-intermediate CB in dog and cat (2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the intercarpal joint spaces (3)

A
  1. antebrachio-carpal joint 2. middle carpal joint 3. carpo-metacarpal joint
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the antebrachio-carpal joint composed of

A

antebrachium + proximal row of carpal bones *most movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the middle carpal joint composed of

A

proximal + distal rows of carpal bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the carpo-metacarpal joint composed of

A

distal row + metacarpal bones *least movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what type of joints are intracarpal joints

A

fibrous joints held tightly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how is the carpus joint stabilized (3)

A
  1. collateral ligaments 2. cartilage plate on palmar aspect of joint capsule 3. retinaculum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the function of the accessory carpal bone

A
  1. lever for distal limb 2. insertion of major carpal flexor muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the function of the palmar ligament

A

stabilizes ACB flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how many digits to dogs and cats have

A

shed 1st digit for speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how many digits do unguligrades have

A

shed more for speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how many digits do artyrodactyla

A

ruminants an even number –> 3rd and 4th digits remain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which digit remain in perissodactyla

A

equines have the 3rd digit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the 3 types of stances

A
  1. plantegrade (rabbits, bears, humans) –> bear weight on digits + metatarsals + tarsal bones 2. digitigrade (dogs, cats) –> bear weight on digits/phalanges protected by foot pads 3. unguligrade (ruminant, horses) –> bear weight on distal phalanx only, protected by hoof
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how many centres of ossification are in the distal limb bones

A

2 centres except the distal phalanx has 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the metacarpal bones in the horse

A

3rd metacarpal/metarsal bone = cannon bone 2nd

and 4th MC/MT = splint bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the features of the 3rd metacarpal/metatarsal bone

A

weight bearing distal articular surface –> sagittal ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the features of the 2nd and 4th MC/MT bone

A

vestigial/non weight bearing button at distal end (palpable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

where are the proximal sesamoid bones in the horse

A

palmaro-distal to every MC3/MT3 paired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the function of the proximal sesamoid bones

A

protect the SDFT, DDFT embedded in suspensory ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

where are the dorsal sesamoid bones in the dog

A

single dorsal aspect of MCP/MTP joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are the functions of dorsal sesamoid bones in the dog

A

embedded in and protect extensor tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

where is the proximal phalanx

A

long pastern bone/P1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what are the features of the proximal phalanx

A

raised V on palmar surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is the ligament attached to the proximal phalanx

A

oblique distal sesamoidean ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

how many grooves are on the proximal phalanx

A

2 sagittal grooves

31
Q

what are the components of the metacarpo-phalangeal (MCP)/metatarsal-phalangeal (MTP) joint

A
  1. 3rd metacarpal/metatarsal bone 2. proximal phalanx 3. proximal sesamoid bones
32
Q

what are the functions of the palmar and dorsal pouch in the MCP/MTP joint

A

palmar pouch incorporates proximal sesamoids dorsal pouch cushions extensor tendons

33
Q

how is the MCP/MTP joint stabilized

A
  1. collateral ligaments 2. sagittal ride/groove
34
Q

what is the movement of the MCP/MTP

A

limited to flexion and extension high motion joint **very large articular surface + joint capsule

35
Q

where does the suspensory ligament originate

A

proximal palmar MC3/MT3

36
Q

where does the suspensory ligament run

A

fills area between splint bones and divides into two –> attaches to abaxial aspect of proximal sesamoids passes to dorsal aspect limb

37
Q

what does the suspensory ligament fuse to

A

fuses with common digital extensor tendon

38
Q

what is the function of the suspensory ligament

A

acts like a sling returns joint to resting position relies on stability of proximal sesamoids

39
Q

what is the function of the sesamoidean ligaments

A

stability of proximal sesamoids

40
Q

what are the sesamoidean ligaments (3)

A
  1. inter-sesamoidean ligament
  2. collateral sesamoidean ligaments (medial and lateral)
  3. distal sesamoidean ligament –> 1. cruciate 2. short 3. oblique ligament 4. straight ligament
41
Q

where is the inter-sesamoidean ligament

A

fibrocartilage plate between proximal sesamoid bones

42
Q

what is the function of the inter-sesamoidean ligament

A

smooth passage of DDFT and SDFT

43
Q

where is the collateral sesamoidean ligaments

A

proximal sesamoids to MC/MT 3 and PP

medial & lateral

44
Q

what are the distal sesamoidean ligaments

A
  1. cruciate - PP
  2. short - PP
  3. oblique ligament - PP (v-shaped through on PP)
  4. straight ligament - MP
45
Q

what is the suspensory apparatus composed of (4)

A
  1. suspensory ligament
  2. proximal sesamoids
  3. sesamoidean ligaments
  4. common digital extensor tendon
46
Q

what is the middle phalanx (MP) bone

A

short pastern bone/P2

47
Q

where is the sagittal ridge in the middle phalanx

A

proximal

48
Q

where is the sagittal groove in the middle phalanx

A

distal

49
Q

what are the components of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP)

A

proximal and middle phalanges

50
Q

what are the features of the PIP joint

A

typical synovial joint extensive joint capsule

51
Q

what does the PIP form

A

dorsal bursa to cushion the extensor tendon

52
Q

what stabilizes the PIP joint

A

collateral ligaments

53
Q

what is another name for the distal phalanx

A

DP pedal bone/P3

54
Q

what is the function of the extensor process on the distal phalanx

A

attachment of the common digital extensor tendon (CDE)

55
Q

what is the function of the palmar process

A

support lateral cartilages

56
Q

what attaches onto the solar surface of the distal phalanx

A

attachment of deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT)

57
Q

what are the features of the distal phalanx

A

striations for hoof attachment and vascular channels for blood vessels

58
Q

where is the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP)

A

coffin joint is buried within the hoof

59
Q

what are the components of the DIP joint

A
  1. middle and distal phalanges 2. distal sesamoid (navicular bone) and distal phalanx 3. distal sesamoid and middle phalanx
60
Q

how is the DIP stabilized

A

collateral ligaments

61
Q

what movement is in the DIP

A

flexion and extension some rotation to accommodate uneven ground

62
Q

what is the distal sesamoid

A

navicular bone

63
Q

how many articular surfaces are on the navicular bone

A

2 smooth articular surfaces with a cancellous centre with vascular channels

64
Q

what is the function of the navicular/podotrochlear bursa

A

fluid filled pocket between distal sesamoid and DDFT acts to cushion DDFT

65
Q

how is the navicular bursa separated from the joint space

A

separated by impar ligament

66
Q

what are the functions of the ungual process, ungual crest, extensor process and palmar process in the distal phalanx of a carnivore

A

ungual process - supports claw

ungual crest - vascular root of claw

extensor process - extensor tendons

palmar process - flexor tendons

67
Q

identify the structures of the equine distal limb

A
68
Q

identify the structures of the equine distal limb

A
69
Q

identify the distal structures of the canine paw

A
70
Q

identify the distal limb structures

A
71
Q

identify the sesamoidean ligaments

A
  1. intersesamoidean ligament
  2. collateral sesamoidean ligaments
  3. distal sesamoidean ligaments –> 1. cruciate 2. short 3. oblique ligament 4. straight ligament
72
Q

identify the sesamoidean ligaments

A

A. intersesamoidean ligament

B. collateral sesamoidean ligaments (medial and lateral)

C. distal sesamoidean ligaments

C1. cruciate

C2. short

C3. oblique ligament

C4. straight ligament

73
Q

identify the structures of the dorsopalmar radiographs of hoof and the palmar and dorsal surfaces of the distal phalanx

A
74
Q

identify the structures of the navicular bone (distal sesamoid)

A

Module 7 (50 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions