Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Module 7 > Ectoparasites: Flies of Veterinary Importance > Flashcards

Ectoparasites: Flies of Veterinary Importance Flashcards

1
Q

what is the general morphology of dipteran flies

A
  1. single pair of antennae
  2. one pair of functional wings
  3. 3 pairs of legs
  4. body divided into 3 parts
  5. modified hind wings (halteres)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is musca & phortica spp

A

non-biting flies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how are pathogens spread by non-biting flies

A
  1. pathogens when feeding on feces
  2. contaminate foodstuff
  3. open sores
  4. contaminate host when feeding
  5. sectetions from eyes, mouth, nose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how do non-biting flies cause damage

A

sponge feeding

rasping device on mouthparts –> increases size of existing wounds and prevents wound healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the examples of non-biting flies

A

mucosa domestica (house fly)

mucosa autumnalis (face fly)

hydrotaea irritans (head fly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the morphology of non-biting flies

A

pair of veined wings

sticky hairs or pads at end of legs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how are non-biting flies biologically transmitted

A
  1. horse expels eggs/L1 in feces
  2. fly lays eggs in feces
  3. fly larvae ingest eggs/L1 nematodes
  4. fly larvae and parasites develop together
  5. adult flies emerge from pupae
  6. L3 nematodes migrate to fly mouthparts
  7. flies deposit L3 whilst feeding near nose/mouth
  8. L3 travel to stomach where they mature to adults
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are culicoides spp

A

biting midges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the morphology of biting midges

A

thorax humped over small head

mottled wings, folded over back

prominent antennae

small, vertically hanging mouthparts

most species are crepuscular/noctunral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is Schmallenberg virus (SBV)

A

transmitted by biting midges

adult –> transitory infection lasting a few days (inappetence, diarrhea, loss of body condition, reduced milk yield)

transplacental infection –> lead to severe congenital malformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is blue tongue

A

notifiable disease in UK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the pathological significance

A

culicoides are the cause of sweet itch

horses and donkeys

pruritic dermatitis –> allergy to midge saliva, scratching leads to bald patches, skin damage (secondary infection, myiasis)

seasonal –> UK; April-Sept

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how are culicoides controlled

A

difficult due to extensive breeding habitat

animals should be housed/protected during flies most active periods (early evening/morning)

repellents/screens –> fine mesh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are melophagus ovis (sheep ked)

A

established in most temperate sheep rearing areas

hairy and wingless

dorsoventrally flattened

blood feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is melophagus ovinus life cycle

A

live entire life cycle on host

adults live for several months

  1. viviparous –> produce a signle larva every ~10-12 days
  2. newly produced larvae adhere to the wool
  3. adult emerges 19-30 days
  4. infestation builds slowly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the pathology and significance of melophagus ovinus

A

pierce skin and suck blood (neck, breast, shoulders, flanks and rump)

bites cause intense pruritus

heavy infestations lead to loss of condition and anemia (esp in lambs)

damage to hides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how can melophagus ovinus be controlled

A

shearing removes pupae and adults

combined shearing before lambing followed by insecticide helps reduce

use of insecticides

specific control rarely necessary due to routine treatment

18
Q

what is myiasis

A

the invasion of living vertebrate animal by fly larvae

19
Q

what is obligate myiasis

A

parasitic development of the larvae on a living host is a necessary stage within the life cycle

20
Q

what is faculative myiasis

A

opportunistic

have ability to exploit living tissue but not a required stage in life cylce

21
Q

what is accidental myiasis

A

fly eggs or larvae contaminate food

22
Q

what does myiasis result in

A

serious tissue damage

often accompanied by putrid discharge

ulceration

loss of tissue function

secondary infection

death

23
Q

what are hypoderma spp

A

warble flies

obligate myiasis

24
Q

what do warble flies affecg

A

cattle, rarely man, horses, deer or sheep

distributed in northern hemisphere

25
Q

when are hypoderma seen

A

in summer months –> calm weather

bright sunshine

cement eggs to hair

26
Q

what occurs after eggs of hypoderma spp are cemented to hair

A

L1 larvae penetrate skin via hair follicles

migrate through flesh (2-4m) –> secreting digestive enzymes & macerating tissue with their oral hooks

create tracks of gelatinous material –> reduces value of meat

27
Q

where do hypoderma larvae remain

A

in esophageal wall

spinal canal

grow to ~12 mm (2-4m)

migrate through the flesh under skin back (1-2 months)

develop from L1 through L2-L3 instars (1-2 months)

larvae penetrate hide to breath (furuncles)

mature L3 forces throgh hole and drops to grond to pupate (1-3 months)

28
Q

what is the significance of warbles

A

animals panic on sound of fly

hide damage

butches jelly

29
Q

what is the blow fly

A

facultative myiasis

imporant in UK

large

30
Q

what is primary myiasis

A

primary myiasis

flies can initiate a strike on living animals without the need for existing tissue damage

31
Q

what is secondary myiasis

A

flies cannot initiate strike

they attack areas of existing strike or damage

32
Q

what are the types of blow fly strike

A
  1. body
  2. breech/tail
  3. poll
  4. penile sheath
33
Q

what is the epidemiology of blowfly strike

A

temperature

climate & rainfall

breed

soiling (due to diarrhea)

wounds

34
Q

how does temperature affect blowfly development off host

A

soil temp >90C are required for pupal development

35
Q

how does temperature affect blowfly development on host

A

temperature in fleece must remain constant around 31C

36
Q

how does climate and rainfall affect blowfly

A

rain wets wool –> warm wet conditions result in wool rot –> odour attracts female flies which then deposit eggs

37
Q

how does breed affect blowfly strike

A
  1. fine wool breeds (merino, rambouillet) more susceptible
  2. wriknled/folded skin
  3. wrinkled breech, narrow breech (merino)
  4. horned sheep
38
Q

how does diarrhea affect blowfly strike

A

infections lead to soiling of fleece around breech and tail attracting flies –> breech & tail strike

39
Q

how does wounds or lesions affect blowfly strike

A

fighting (horned breeds)

injuries due to barbed wire/bushes

badly managed post-surgery wounds

foot lesions (foot rot)

40
Q

how is blowfly strike controlled

A
  1. prevention of diarrhea
  2. clip wool from around breech
  3. tail docking
  4. shearing
  5. polled breeds
  6. removing any carcasses

Module 7 (50 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions