Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Module 7 > Bones, Cartilage & Joints 1 > Flashcards

Bones, Cartilage & Joints 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the different types of connective tissue

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what cells are in cartilage

A

chondroblasts –> produces the matrix

chondrocytes –> same cell that contains matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the extracellular matrix (ECM) in cartilage

A

unique biomechanical properties

fibres (depends on type of cartilage) –> rigidity

ground substance (abundant) –> resiliency

generally avascular (cells are reliant on diffusion for nurishment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the 3 types of cartilage

A
  1. hyaline
  2. elastic
  3. fibrocartilage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what type of cartilage is this

A

hyaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what type of cartilage is this

A

elastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what type of cartilage is this

A

fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the most common type of cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what makes up hyaline cartilage

A

abundant ground substance plus few type II collagen fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does hyaline cartilage form in the embryo

A

temporary skeleton in embyro –> gradually replaced by bone

responsible for growth of long bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where is hyaline cartilage in adults

A

limited distribution

ex. articular surface of moveable joints, walls respiratory passages, costal cartilage (trachea)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how does hyaline cartilage grow

A

appositional and interstitial growth –> added to outer surfaces and growth within (unique to cartilage, bone is only appositional)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where is elastic cartilage found

A

ear pinna, epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is in elastic cartilage

A

high content of elastic fibres + collagen type II

less ground substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how does elastic cartilage grow

A

appositional and interstitial growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where is fibro-cartilage found

A

limited distribution

inter-vertebral discs

intra-articular discs (menisci)

attachment ligament and tendons to bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how is fibro-cartilage arranged

A

cells (chondroyctes) arranged in columns between bundles of collagen (type I)

minimal ground substance

no identifiable perichondrium (no CT between them)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how does fibro-cartilage grow

A

interstitial growth only (no bounding surface to allow growth from surfaces)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is appositional growth

A

process begins with perichondrium (fibroblasts-chondroblasts synthesis matrix–> chondrocytes)

growth continues at the edges of a pre-existing cartilage model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is interstitial growth

A

occurs within existing

chondrocytes become chondroblasts

isogenous groups form and produce mroe extracellular matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the cells

A

P- perichondrium

Cg- chondrogenic zone

Cb- chondroblasts

C- chondrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what type of growth is shown here

A

green - appositional

red - interstitial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is an example of hyaline cartilage where only interstitial growth occurs

A

articular cartilage and synocial joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the origin of synovial fluid

A

synovial membrane or synovium –> specialized connective tissue with secretory capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the intima

A

2-4 cells deep

type A macrophage - maintenance and “clean up”

type B fibroblast (synoviocytes) - secretes hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid)

26
Q

what is subintima

A

loose connective tissue

capillaries –> important for maintenance of articular cartilage which is avascular

27
Q

what are the 3 components of synovial fluid

A
  1. interstitial fluid - blood plasma
  2. hyaluronan - fibroblast-like cells in the synovial membrane (synoviocytes)
  3. lubricin (proteoglycan 4; PRG4) - chondrocytes
28
Q

what is the function of synovial fluid

A

fills the gap

  1. lubrication
  2. shock absorption
  3. nutrient transport
29
Q

how does synovial fluid lubricate

A

forms lubricating film forms on synovial membrane and seeps into articular cartilage and spaces

squeeze film –> weeping lubrication –> fluid held in the cartilage is squeezed out mechanically to maintain a layer of fluid on the cartilage surface

30
Q

how does synovial fluid provide shock absorption

A

becomes thick and viscous returning to normal viscosity

31
Q

how does synovial fluid aid in nutrient transport

A

most articular cartilage in close apposition to synovial membrane

32
Q

what are the functions of bone

A
  1. rigid and hard support
  2. protects vital organs
  3. contains bone marrow (hematopoiesis)
  4. reservoir for calcium, phosphate and other ions
  5. transforms forces of skeletal muscle contraction into bodily movements
33
Q

what is the structure of bone

A

cells and fibres embedded in hard unbending calcified matrix

34
Q

how is bone different than cartilage

A

dynamic tissue –> capable of remodelling and repairing itself –> unlike cartilage it is very vascular –> nourish cells

35
Q

what are the 3 structures of bone

A
  1. epiphysis
  2. metaphysis
  3. diaphysis
36
Q

what is compact bone

A

compact bone forms the outer wall

37
Q

what is trabecular bone

A

interior of bone

38
Q

what is another name for trabecular bone

A

spongy or cancellous bone

39
Q

what are the types of lamellar bone

A

compact and trabecular

40
Q

what are the structures

A
41
Q

what is lamellar bone

A

specific orientation of collagen fibres –> biochemical function

42
Q

what are the two types of lamellar bone

A
  1. compact (cortical) bone: diaphysis
  2. spongy, cancellous or trabecular bone: spicules are aggregated into bony trabeculae (plates)
43
Q

what is woven bone

A

random orientation collagen fibres

temporary form association developing bone, fracture repair, bone tumours

replaced by lamellar bone in most cases

44
Q

what is the basic unit of compact (cortical) bone

A

osteone or haversian system

45
Q

what are the bone cell types

A
  1. osteoblasts
  2. osteocytes
  3. osteoclasts
46
Q

what are osteoblasts associated with

A

periosteum/endosteum which covers external and internal

47
Q

where are osteoblasts found

A

surfaces all bony surfaces

48
Q

what is the function of osteoblasts

A

function is to form osteoid (organic part of ECM)

become osteocytes - maintenance

49
Q

where are osteocytes

A

located within calcified “osteoid” ECM

50
Q

what is the function of osteocytes

A

communicate with each other by special cellular extensions –> canaliculi

maintain the bony matrix

51
Q

where osteoclasts

A

located on external and internal surfaces of boney surfaces

52
Q

what are the characteristics of osteoclasts

A

large, motile, multinucleated cells

53
Q

what is the functions of osteoclasts

A

characteristic ruffled border

enzymatic digestion of ECM –> important for remodelling of bone

54
Q

name these cells

A

osteocyte - maintiains bone tissue

osteoblast - forms bone matrix

osteogenic cell - stem cell (osteoprogenitor cell, associated with periosteum or endosteum)

osteoclast - resorbs bone

55
Q

what is the organic component (osteoid) of the bone ECM produced by

A

produced by osteoblasts

fibres - predominantly collagen type I (spiral arrangement)

56
Q

when does the inorganic component of bone ECM form

A

after the osteoid laid down

hydroxyapatite crystals

Na, Mg, Fe

57
Q

how is the calcified matrix impermeable

A

all connected through extensions surrounded by hard bone

the lacunar-canalicular system allows osteocytes embedded within the matrix to communicate with each other

58
Q

what cartilage is responsible for growth of long bones

A
59
Q

identify the histological cells of trabecular bone

A
60
Q

what is shown here

A

calcified matrix very impermeable

lacunar-canaluclar system allows osteocytes embedded within the matrix to communicate

Module 7 (50 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions