Equine Hoof Flashcards
what are the parts of the hoof wall
- toe
- quarters
- heel
what is the weight bearing part of the hoof
the walls
what does the coronary band produce
the hoof wall
marks boundary between skin and hoof
what is the periople
distal to coronary band
produces waterproof layer
extends 2/3 way down hoof
reduces evaporation
what are the features of the solar surface
- walls
heel: angles (2), bars (3), bulbs (4) - frog
- central sulcus/cleft
- collateral sulci/clefts
- sole
what are the lateral/ungual cartilages
cartilage plates
project above the level of hoof
function = shock absorption
what are the lateral cartilages supported by
by palmar processes of DP
what is sidebone
mineralization of lateral cartilage
normally not seen on radiograph
what is the dermis
fused to dorsal surface of DP and covers digital cushion
good nerve and blood supply –> sensitive and bleeds
what is laminae
ridges on surface of dermis
what is primary laminae
vertical ridges
what is secondary laminae
microscopic horizontal leaves
what does the dermis supply
germinative layer which produces the epidermis
where is the dermis normally active
- coronary band
- solar surface
how is the coronary band formed
formed into conical shaped papillae
what is the function of the coronary band
produce epidermis in form of tubes of keratin
extends distally towards ground
what are the gaps in the keratin filled with
intertubular horn –> less well organized keratin
what forms the hoof wall/capsule
tubes of keratin and intertubular horn
approx 1cm thick
no nerve or blood supply
weight bearing at solar surface
what is the hoof capsule/wall
outer surface smooth
inner surface - laminae
interdigitate with dermal laminae
forms corresponding primary and secondary laminae (epidermal/insensitive laminae)
epidermal horn tubes glide distally as hoof wall grows
what is the white line
interdigitation between the sensitive dermal laminae and insensitive epidermal laminae
what is the function of the white line
holds epidermis onto dermis covering DP
suspends DP within hoof capsule
transfers weight from DP to hood wall during weight bearing
how is the hoof produced
- solar surface –> activate germinative layer
- sole –> keratinized flakes, protection of deeper structures
- frog –> incomplete keratinization, soft & elastic, shock absorption
- rest of dermis –> damage to hoof capsule, potential for keratin formation, disorganized and temporary
what are the sequence of events of weight bearing of the hoof
- frog contacts the ground
- digital cushion compressed –> acts like wet sponge, forces blood back up leg
- lateral cartilages –> expand laterally, dissipate forces
- hoof wall contacts ground and weight transfered to DP
- weight transfered to hoof wall via interdigitation of laminae
what are the hoof contents
distal phalanx (P3)
middle phalanx (P2)
distal interphalangeal joint
navicular bone/distal sesamoid
navicular/podotrochlear bursa
DDFT
digital cushion
label the hoof contents
distal phalanx
middle phalanx
distal interphalangeal joint
navicular bone/distal sesamoid (n)
navicular/podotrochlear bursa
DDFT
digital cushion
identify the forelimb soft tissue structures
identify the forelimb soft tissue structures
identify the ground surfaces of the hoof
identify the structure of the hoof wall and the underlying laminar dermis
identify the structures of the hoof
identify the ground surfaces of the hoof
identify the structures of the exposed dermis
identify the structures at the level of the navicular bone
