Hindlimb Blood, Lymph, Nerve Supply Flashcards
what spinal nerves supply the hindlimb
L5, L6, L&, L7, S1, S2
dorsal branches - dorsal structures
ventral branches - lumbosacral plexus
what are the emerging peripheral nerves to hindlimb
- gluteals
- obturator
- femoral
- sciatic - tibial-fibular/peroneal
where is the gluteal nerve route
runs over dorsal surface body of ilium
what are the functions of the gluteal nerves
- gluteal muscles
- hindlimb abductors (horse - hindlimb/hip extensor)
no areas of cutaneous sensation
what nerve is this
gluteal nerve
what is the route of the obturator nerve
passes through obturator forament
short route to medial thigh
runs along inside of pelvis
what is the function of the obturator nerve
hindlimb adductors
- gracilis
- adductor
- pectineus
- external obturator
what nerve is this
obturator nerve
which nerve is volnuerable to damage
obturator nerve
can be damaged during parturition
oversized calves
Down cow
not a problem in horses (stand up front end first)
what is the route of the femoral nerve
short route to cranial thigh
what is the function of the femoral nerve
cranial thigh muscles
- illiopsoas
- sartorius
- quadriceps (all heads)
- hip flexors/limb protractors
- stifle extensors
what nerve is this
femoral nerve
what nerve supplies these muscles
femoral nerve
how does the femoral nerve provide cutaneous sensation
saphenous branch (femoral triangle)
what is the patellar reflex
patellar ligament
quadriceps
extension of stifle
what nerve is this
saphenous branch of the femoral nerve which provides cutaneous sensation
what occurs during femoral nerve damage
cannot extend stifle –> cannot weight bear –> no compensation –> loss of patellar reflex
what is the route of the sciatic nerve
runs over dorsal surface body ilium
passes caudal to hip
runs deep to biceps femoris
what is the function of the sciatic nerve
caudal thigh muscles
- biceps femoris
- semitendinosus
- semimembranosus
hip extensors/limb retractors
stifle flexors
what nerve is this
sciatic nerve
what is the tibial nerve a branch of
sciatic nerve
what is the function of the tibial nerve
caudal tibial muscles
- gastrocnemius
- superficial digital flexor
- deep digital flexor
hock extensors
digital flexors
how does the tibial nerve provide cutaneous sensation
caudal/plantar aspect limb
what nerve is this
tibial nerve
what is the peroneal/fibular nerve a branch of
branch of sciatic nerve
what is the function of peroneal/fibular nerve
cranial tibial muscles
- cranial tibial
- peroneus group
- long digital extensor
hock flexors
digital extensors
how does the peroneal/fibular provide cutaneous sensation
cranial/dorsal aspect limb
lateral thigh
what nerve is this
peroneal/fibular nerve
what are the clinical considerations of sciatic nerve damage
may result from hip trauma/surgery
femoral fractures
if there is sciatic nerve damage what occurs
lose supply to
- hip extensors/stifle flexors
- hock extensors/digital flexors
- hock flexors/digital extensors
- cutaneous sensation
what is still possible even with sciatic nerve damage
- abduct (gluteal N)
- adduct obturator N
- protract limb/flex hip/extend stifle (femoral N)
what are the equine nerve blocks in the hindlimb
tibial nerve
- plantar nerves become plantar digital nerves
- plantar metatarsal nerves –> peroneal/fibular nerve
- dorsal metatarsal nerves –> medial and lateral branches
what are the plantar digital nerve blocks
- abaxial sesamoid nerve block
- plantar metatarsal block (requires 6 point block in hindlimb –> 4 point in FL)
what is the arterial supply in the hindlimb
oxygenated blood from heart –> single major vessel
changes name with region of forelimb
crosses flexor angles of joints
what are the arteries that run through the hindlimb
- external iliac artery –> leaves abdominal aorta and becomes
- femoral artery –> runs through thigh region
- popliteal artery –> various branches
distal limb well supplied
what is the venous drainage of the hindlimb
deoxygenated blood back to heart
deep system –> follows arterial supply
what is the superficial system of venous drainage
- lateral saphenous vein (access to system circulation, drain into vena cava)
- medial saphenous vein (more prominent in cats and horses)
what is the boundaries of the femoral triangle
caudal: pectineus (and adductor)
cranial: sartorius
what are the contents of the femoral triangle and their clinical significance
femoral vein artery & nerve
pulse –> femoral artery
intravascular catheters –> femeral vein
femeral nerve –> saphenous branch
where are the hindlimb lymph nodes in dog and cow
dog - popliteal (cadual to stifle joint)
cow - prefemoral (cranial to femur)
