Muscles Lab Flashcards by Moeka Nakagawa

abductor pollicis longus (2)

extends thumb, adbucts wrist

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biceps brachii (2)

origin & insertion

flexes elbow joint, supinate forearm (twist and pulling action)

origin= glenoid cavity

insertion = radial tuberosity

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brachialis (1)

major forearm flexor (PM)

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brachioradialis

origin & insertion

forearm flexion at elbow (synergist)

origin = lateral ridge of humerus

insertion = styloid process of radius

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deltoid

origin & insertion

abducts arm (PM) all fibers

origin = spine of scapula

insertion = Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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extensor carpi radialis longus (2)

extends, abducts wrist

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extensor digitorium (2)

extends fingers (PM), extends wrist

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extensor carpi ulnaris

origin & insertions

extends, adducts wrist

origin = posterior border ulna

insertion = metacarpal 5

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flexor carpi radialis

origin & insertions

powerful wrist flexor (PM), abducts hand

origin = medial epicondyle of humerus
insertion = Base of metacarpal II and III

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flexor carpi ulnarius

origins & insertions

powerful wrist flexor (PM), abducts hand

origin = medial epicondyle humerus posterior side ulna

insertion = metacarpal 5 pisiform hamate

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flexor digitorium superficiales

flexes wrist & middle phalanges of fingers 1-5

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palmaris longus

weak wrist flexor

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pectoralis major

origins & insertions

flexes arm (PM), rotates medially (climbing, throwing, pushing muscle)

origins = clavicle

insertion = intertubercular sulcus of humerus

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pronator teres

origins & insertions

pronates forearm

origin = coronoid process of ulna
insertion = mid radius

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teres major

extends, abducts, & medially rotate humerus

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triceps brachii (2)

origin & insertion

extends forearm at elbow (PM), stabilizes shoulder joint

origin = radial groove

insertion = olecranon process ulna

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rotator cuff

stabilizes shoulder joint by holding head of humerus in joint

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What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor

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infraspinatus origins & insertions

origin = infraspinous fossa

insertions = greater tubercle of humerus

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supraspinatus origins & insertions

origin = supraspinous fossa
insertion = greater tubercle of humerus

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subscapularis origins & insertions

origins = subscapularis fossa
insertion = greater tubercle of humerus

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teres minor origins & insertions

origin = lateral margin of scapula
insertion = greater tubercle of humerus

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What are the prime movers of the arm? (7)

brachialis, deltoid, extensor digitorium, flexor carpi radialus, flexor carpi ulnarius, pectoralis major, triceps brachii

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in the arm muscle anterior are ____ and posterior are _____

flexor

extensor

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what muscles make up the erector spinae muscles?

illiocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

rectus sheath

aponeurosis that covers the rectus abdominis

errector spine muscles

extension of the vertebral column

external intercostals

elevate rib cage

external oblique

increase intra-abdominal pressure

internal intercostals

depress rib cage

latissimus dorsi origin & insertion

extends arm ``` origin = iliac crest insertion = intertubercular sulcus humerus ```

rectus abdominis

increase intra-abdominal pressure

serratus anterior

raises arm for horizontal arm movement

transverse abdominis

compresses abdomial contents

extensor digitorum longus (2)

extends toe | dorsiflexes foot

fibularis brevis

plantar flexes and everts foot

fibularis longus

planar flexes and everts foot

gastrocnemius (2) origin & insertion

plantar flexes foot flexes knee ``` origin = medial lateral condyle of femur insertion = calcaneus ```

soleus origin & insertion

plantar flexes foot ``` origin = proximal tibia and fibula insertion = calcaneous ```

tibialis anterior (2) origin & insertion

dorsiflexes foot inverts foot ``` origin = upper 2/3 of tibia insertion = first cuneiform and metatarsal 1 ```

What are the prime movers of the leg muscles? (4)

extensor digitorium longus, gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis anterior

psoas major (2)

same as iliacus | laterally flexes vertebral column

iliacus (2)

flexes thigh | flexes trunk on thigh (bends torso forward)

gluteus maximus

extends thigh (as in climbing and running)

gluteus medius (3).

abducts, medially rotates thigh (important in running)

gracilis (3)

adducts, flexes, medially rotates thigh

adductor magnus (3)

adducts, flexes, medially rotates thigh

adductor longus (4)

adducts, flexes, medially rotates thigh (anterior portion of muscle)

pectineus

adducts, flexes, medially rotates thigh

sartorius (5)

adducts, flexes, laterally rotates thigh flexes knee "tailors muscle" used for crossing the legs

biceps femoris (3) origin & insertion

extends thigh flexes knee laterally rotates leg ``` origin = linea aspera insertion = fibula head ```

semitendinosus (3) origin & insertion

extends thigh at hip flexes knee medially rotates leg ``` origin = ischial tuberosity insertion = lateral condyle of femur ```

semimembranosus (2) origin & insertion

extend thigh flexes knee ``` origin = ischial tuberosity insertion = medial side of tibia ```

rectus femoris (2) origin & insertion

extends knee flexes thigh at hip ``` origin = anterior inferior iliac spine insertion = tibial tuberosity ```

vastus lateralis (2) origin & insertion

extends (and stabilizes) the knee ``` origin = linea aspera insertion = tibial tuberosity ```

vastus medialis origin & insertion

extends the knee ``` origin = linia aspera insertion = tibial tuberosity ```

hamstrings (3)

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

quadriceps (4)

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastas medialis, vastus intermedius

What are the PM of the thigh? (8)

iliacus, gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranous, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis

Buccinator (2)

compresses cheek | draws corner of mouth laterally

depressor labii inferioris (2)

draws lower lip inferiorly | pout

frontalis (2)

raises eyebrows | wrinkles forehead skin

levator labii superioris (2)

opens lip | raises & furrows upper lip

masseter (2)

``` jaw closure (PM) elevates mandible ```

mentalis (2)

protrude lower lip | wrinkles chin

orbicularis oris (2)

closes lips | protrudes & purses lips (kissing muscle)

orbicularis oculi (2)

blinks eye | squint

zygomatic major & minor (2)

raises corners of mouth upwards | smiling muscle

risorius (2)

draws corners of lip laterally | tenses lips

temporalis (2)

``` jaw closure (PM) elevate mandible ```

trapezius origins & insertions

stabilizes, raises, retracts, rotates scapula ``` origin = occipital bone insertion = lateral third of clavicle ```

platysma (2)

depresses mandible | produces downward sag of mouth

sternocleidomastoid origin (2) & insertion

head flexion (PM) origin = manubrium of sternum insertion = mastoid process