Eyes & Ears Lab

Question 1

What are the 2 fibrous layers, 3 vascular layers, and 2 neural layers?

Answer 1

fibrous = cornea + sclera
vascular = choroid, iris, ciliary body
neural = retina + optic nerve

Question 2

What is the whites of the eye of the fibrous layer called?

Answer 2

sclera

Question 3

What is the membrane over the iris and pupil called?

Answer 3

cornea

Question 4

what is the colored part of the eye called?

Answer 4

iris

Question 5

what is the dark hole in the eye called?

Answer 5

pupil

Question 6

What has no rods and cones?

Answer 6

optic disc

Question 7

What has the maximum number of rods and cones?

Answer 7

macula lutea

Question 8

What is responsible for night vision or dim light? Where are they present?

Answer 8

rods

They are present at the periphery of they eye and decrease near the macula

Question 9

What is responsible for day and color vision? Where are they concentrated?

Answer 9

• cones

- fovea centralis

Question 10

Process of sight

Answer 10

1. light first contacts the cornea
2. the light is refracted at the cornea to produce an image on the retina
3. the rods and cones are excited in the retina
4. undergoes change in membrane potential & stimulates the ganglion cells
5. the ganglion cell axons leave the retina in the optic nerve

Question 11

Why do inverted images not confuse us? As a result, damage in the top part of the retina results in defective vision in the _____ of the visual field

Answer 11

• because we dont percieve the image directly

- lower part

Question 12

what is it called when someone has 20/20 vision or when the eye does not under or overconverge or normal eyes

Answer 12

emmertropia

Question 13

near sighted ness

Answer 13

myopia

Question 14

far sightedness

Answer 14

hyperopia

Question 15

cloudy lens

Answer 15

cataract

Question 16

damage of eye’s optic nerves due to increased intraocular pressure

Answer 16

glaucoma

Question 17

When someone has 20/40 vision, they see at ___ feet what normal eyes see at ___ feet.

Answer 17

When someone has 20/40 vision, they see at 40 feet what normal eyes see at 20 feet.

Question 18

sharpness of vision

Answer 18

visual acuity

Question 19

What causes blind spot?

Answer 19

-no rods & cones

Question 20

What contains the perilymph?

Answer 20

bony labyrinth

Question 21

what does the membranous labyrinth contain

Answer 21

endolymph

Question 22

Are the following bony or membranous?

Semicircular canals
Semicircular ducts
Vestibule
Utricle and saccule
Scala vestibuli and scala tympani
Cochlear duct

Answer 22

Bony

• semicircular canals
• vestibule
• Scala vestibuli and scala tympani

Membranous

• semicircular ducts
• utricle & saccule
• choclear duct

Question 23

What makes up the

external ear (3)
middle ear (5)
inner ear (7)

Answer 23

external = pinna, external acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane

middle = malleus, incus, stapes, eustachean tube, oval window

inner = semicircular canals, vestibule, ultricle, saccule, chochlea, vestibulocochlear nerves, round window

Question 24

conduction deafness (3) vs function deafness

Answer 24

conduction = external acoustic meatus/broken ossicles/tympanic membrane
function = damage in temporal lobe

Question 25

ringing in the ear. what mental disorder is it associated with?

Answer 25

tinnitus | PTSD

Question 26

motion sickness

Answer 26

vertigo

Question 27

2 parts of the ear that contains the receptor for balance & involved in vertigo

Answer 27

utricle, saccule (US)

Question 28

middle ear infection of the ___ tube

Answer 28

eustachian tube. otitis media

Question 29

define bony labyrinth

Answer 29

tortuous channels in the temporal bone

Question 30

define membranous labyrinth

Answer 30

series of membranous sacs filled with potassium rich endolymph

Question 31

high pitch sounds stimulate cells at the ___ vs low pitch sounds at the ___

Answer 31

``` high = base low = apex ```