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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 13 Peripheral Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the acronym of the 12 nerves?

A 
on = olfactory nerve
occasion = optic nerve
our = oculomotor nerve
trusty = trochlear nerve
truck = trigeminal nerve
at = abducens nerve
first = facial nerve
very = vestibulocochlear nerve
good = glossopharyngeal nerve
vehicle = vagus nerve
any = accessory nerves
how = hypoglossal nerve
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2
Q

What are the sensory nerves? (3)

A

olfactory nerve (1), optic nerve (2), vestibulocochlear nerve (8)

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3
Q

What are the motor nerves? (5)

A

oculomotor nerve (3), trochlear nerve (4), abducens nerve (6), accesory nerve (11), hypoglossal nerve (12)

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4
Q

What are the mixed nerves? (4)

A

trigeminal nerve (5), facial nerve (7) glossopharyngeal nerve (9), vagus nerve (10)

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5
Q
  1. Olfactory nerve - function

the olfactory nerve passes through the _____.

A
  • smell

- cribriform plate of ethmoid

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6
Q
  1. Optic nerve - function

It involves 4 parts

A
  • sight

- optic nerve, chiasma, tract, retina

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7
Q
  1. Oculomotor nerve - function (4)

It _____ the muscles that moves the eye.

A
  • movement of eye, raise eyelid, adjust amount of light entering, and allow lens to focus
  • innervate muscles that move the eye
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8
Q
  1. Trochlear nerve - function
A

carry motor impulses to voluntary muscles that move the eye

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9
Q
  1. trigeminal nerve

(Arise from the _____.)
(The 3 major branches are)

What does damage cause? What is it?

A
  • pons
  • opthalmic, maxillary, mandibular division

-trigeminal neuralgia: pain towards the eye, cheek, and jaw

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10
Q
  1. abducens nerve

(Arise from the _____) and enters the ____ and supply _____.

A

Arise from the pons and enters the orbits of the eye and supply motor.

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11
Q
  1. facial nerves

(Arise from the _____.) What are the 4 functions? What does damage cause? What is it?

A

-lower parts of the pons

functions:

  • associated with taste receptors of tongue
  • muscles of facial expression
  • stimulate secretions from the tear and salivary glands
  • autonomic nervous system

-bell’s palsy: muscle weakness in one side of the face

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12
Q
  1. vestibulocochlear nerve

(Arise from the _____.) What are the 2 branches, and what are their functions?

A
  • medulla oblongata
  • vestibular: maintain equ4ilibrium
  • cochlear: hearing receptors (pass to the temporal lobe)
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13
Q
  1. glossopharyngeal nerve - function
A

swallowing

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14
Q
  1. vagus nerve

where does it origniate and end at?
Contains which 2 branches?
What are its 3 functions?

A
  • originates in the medulla oblongata and extends into the chest & abdomen
  • autonomic and somatic branches, predominantly autonomic
  • speech, swallowing, motor activity of the smooth muscles/glands in the thorax/abdomen
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15
Q
  1. accessory nerves

Where does it carry impulses to? (3)
What movement does it allow?

A

carries impulses to muscles of the soft palate, pharynx, and larynx
shrugging of shoulders

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16
Q
  1. hypoglossal nerve

located in the _____.
Functions (3)

A

tongue

-speaking, chewing, swallowing

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17
Q

Which 4 nerves does the parasympathetic branch from?

A

oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus

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18
Q
  1. hypoglossal nerve

located in the _____.
Functions (3)

A

tongue

-speaking, chewing, swallowing

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19
Q

Which nerve is responsible for the autonomic nervous system?

A

facial nerve

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20
Q

What is the acronym for if it is sensory, motor, or both?

A

some say marry money but my brother says big business makes more

21
Q

We have 8 pairs of _____ nerves.

A

cervical spinal

22
Q

We have:

8 pairs of _____ nerve.
12 pairs of _____.
5 pairs of _____.
1 pair of _____.

A 
8 = cervical spinal nerve
12 = thoracic spinal nerve
5 = sacral spinal nerve
1 = occygeal nerve
23
Q

The awareness of stimulus (change in the ____ and____ enviornment) is called_____.

A
  • sensation

- change in the internal and external enviornment

24
Q

Perception is the _____ of the meaning of a _____. Where does it occur?

A
  • conscious interpretation of the meaning of stimulus

- occurs in the brain.

25
Q

Stimulus energy is converted into a _____ called _____. It can be _____ or _____.

A
  • converted into a graded potential called stimulus potential
  • can be depolarization or hyperpolarization
26
Q

Adaptation is the change in _____ in the presence of a _____ stimulus.
What happens to receptor membranes and potentials?
What kinds of receptors undergo adaptation? (3)
Which receptors do not undergo adaptation?

A
  • change in sensitivity in the presence of a constant stimulus
  • receptor membranes become less responsive
  • receptor potentials decline in frequency or stop
  • pressure, touch, smell receptors
  • nociceptors and propioceptors
27
Q

What do mechanoreceptors respond to? (5)

A

touch, pressure, vibration, stretch, itch

28
Q

What are thermoreceptors sensitive to?

A

changes in temperature

29
Q

What do chemoreceptors respond to?

A

chemicals

30
Q

What do photoreceptors respond to? Where?

A

light energy, retina of the eye

31
Q

What are nociceptors sensitive to?

A

pain-causing stimuli

32
Q

What do propioceptors respond to

A

stretch in skeletal muscle, tendons, joints, ligaments

33
Q

What are Meissner’s corpuscles?

A

discriminative touch

34
Q

pacinian corpuscles

A

deep pressure & vibration

35
Q

ruffini endings

A

deep continuous pressure

36
Q

muscle spindles

A

muscle stretch

37
Q

golgi tendon organs

A

stretch in tendons

38
Q

joint kinesthetic receptors

A

stretch in articular capsules

39
Q

True or false

Mature neurons are amitotic.

A

true

40
Q

If the _____ of the damaged nerve is intact, _____ of the peripheral nerve can regenerate.

A

If the cell body of the damaged nerve is intact, axons of the peripheral nerve can regenerate.

41
Q

In the CNS, _____ bear growth-inhibiting proteins that prevent _____ regenerations in the CNS.

A

In the CNS, oligodendrocytes bear growth-inhibiting proteins that prevent axon regenerations in the CNS.

42
Q

What is the difference between TIA and CVA?

A

TIA = transient ischemic attacks
CVA = stroke
-the fact that TIA is temporary

43
Q

_____ separates the crebrum and cerebellum.

A

transverse fissure

44
Q

What is decussatation?

A

crossing over the neurons for L and R hemisphere

45
Q

What do the reflexes superior and inferior colliculus control?

A 
superior = visual reflex
inferior = auditory reflex
46
Q

Upper neuron syndrom results in _____ paralysis.

A

spastic

47
Q

What is the function of the cerebrum?

A

voluntary movement & temperature regulation

48
Q

Which nerve controls the autonomic and somatic nervous system? Which controls the autonomic nervous system only>

A 
vagus = both
facial = ANS only

Anatomy & Physiology (23 decks)

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