Exam 3 Flashcards
What are the 3 connective tissue sheaths in a muscle? What kind of CT are they?
Epimysium: dense regular connective tissue
Perimysium: fibrous connective tissue
Endomysium: fine areolar connective tissue
What is the hierarchy of the muscles?
skeletal muscle fasicle muscle fibers myofibril myofilaments
Actin & myosin
Which one is thick and thin? Which one attaches to the z disc?
___ blocks ___ and ___ holds it in place
___ has 2 binding sites, one for ___ and one for ___.
thick myosin
thin actin
Tropomyosin blocks actin. Troponin holds Tropomyosin in place
myosin has 2 binding sites for ATP & actin binding site
isotonic contraction
muscle shortens & load is moved
Which 2 toxin are involved in flaccid paralysis? Convulsions? Is Ach high or low in each?
In a muscle twith, the period of ___ involves cross bridge formation.
contraction
What neurons are mutiploar, bipolar, unipolar?
multipolar = motor neurons & interneurons bipolar = retina of eye & special senses unipolar = sensory neurons
What are the characteristics of a smooth muscle?
\_\_\_ store Ca. Protein \_\_\_ binds to Ca. (no troponin) No \_\_\_, \_\_\_, \_\_\_. Innervated by \_\_\_. \_\_\_ store and release neurotransmitters.
caveolae store Ca2+
No troponin; protein calmodulin binds Ca2+
No sarcomeres, myofibrils, or T tubules,
Autonomic nerve fibers innervate smooth muscle
Varicosities (bulbous swellings) of nerve fibers store and release neurotransmitters
___ in the CNS
___ in the PNS produce myelin sheath
oligodendrocytes in CNS
schwann cells in the PNS
Nodes of ranvier have ___ gated ___ channels
voltage gated Na channels
runners high
endorphins
RER of neurons is called
nissl body
smooth muscles are present in ___ and ___,
iris of the eye and the walls of blood vessel
How do local and general anesthetics work?
local = influx of Cl for hyperpolarization general = closes voltage gated Na channels (no depolarization)
Flow of AP neuron to neuron
- action potential opens voltage-gated Ca++ on the neuron. the Ca++ goes to the terminal button
- acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft
- RMP - negative on the inside, positive on the outside
- Graded potential - Acetyl choline attaches to the ligand gated Na+ channel, the receptor opens and lets Na+ inside, making the charge more positive. Creates graded potential, which is a local change
- Depolarization - once the threshold is reached, the graded potential opens up the voltage-gated Na+ channels, to let even more Na+ inside, rapidly. This makes all of the cell membrane positive. In this stage, action potential has occurred.
- Repolarization - voltage-gated Na+ channels close, and voltage-gated K+ channels open and let K+ go outside, making the inside negative again.
- Hyperpolarization - cell becomes more negative than original as K+ channel remains open. Here, cells cannot do anything and become inhibited
What are the 5 characteristics of the skeletal muscle?
4 of the smooth?
3 of the cardiac?
What is myogolbin?
Flow of AP for muscle contraction - worksheet
diffusion vs facilitated diffusion vs receptor mediated vs voltage mediated diffusion
diffusion = leakage proteins, small/nonpolar molecules
facilitated diffusion = larger molecules
receptor mediated = ligands attach to receptors
voltage mediated = change in voltage opens channels
what is the contractile unit of a skeletal muscle?
sarcomere
what is a sarcolemma
muscle cell membrane
What does a skeletal muscle contain? (4)
connective tissue, nerves, arteries/veins, muscle fibeers
muscle cells are
muscle fibers
___ of sarcolemma contain ligand gated Na channels
motor end plate
what is the function of the t tuble
transmits AP deep into muscle
what 2 things are involved in excitation contraction coupling/events at cross bridge?
Ca & ATP
what happens in rigor mortis?
no ATP binds to myosin to release it from actin
what are prefixes used to describe muscle?
mys, myo, sarco
myosin/actin has ATPase
myosin
the fastest way to get ATP
CP + ADP
this stage of cellular respiration provides the most ATP
ETC
lactic acid formation occurs when there is no ___, Thus it is called
O2, anaerobic respiration
junctional folds increse ___
SA
graded potential occurs in the
dendrites
polysynaptic membrane is in the ___
dendrites
Resting membrane potential is +/- with Na
- with less Na
in a graded potential, ___ channels open
ligand gated Na channels
hyperpolarization is the influx of
Cl-
fastest conduction occurs in ___ fibers, where it is the ___
A, thickest
+35 to 0 is
repolarization
Ach can be ___ or ___ depending on the receptors
inhibitory, excitatory
true or false
there is cytoplasm in axon too
true
loss of muscle mass is called
atrophy
destroys Ach at the NMJ
acetylcholinesterase
depolarization is when ___ channels open and ___ moves into the cell
voltage gated Na, Na
repolarization is when ___ channels open and ___ leaves
voltage gated K, K
true or false
graded potential can be EPSP or IPSP
true
