Exam 2

Question 1

True or false

bone is an organ, tissue, and cell

Answer 1

true

Question 2

What has the most red blood marrow?

Answer 2

sternum

Question 3

What is luxation?

Answer 3

joint dislocation

Question 4

Diagram

Question 5

Where is the apocrine gland found? (2)

Answer 5

axilla and groin

Question 6

Cancer primarily arises in the ___ layer of the skin because ___ is found there.

Answer 6

epidermis, melanocytes

Question 7

Keratinocyte

Answer 7

produce keratin

Question 8

melanocyte

Answer 8

produce melanin

Question 9

dendritic cells (also called)

Answer 9

macrophages (langerhans)

Question 10

tactile (also known as)

Answer 10

light touch (merkel)

Question 11

What are the 4 cells of the epidermis?

Answer 11

keratinocyte, melanocyte, lagerhans/dendritic, tactile/merkel cell

Question 12

What is not in the epidermis?

Answer 12

RBC

Question 13

Fingerprint is caused by

Answer 13

dermal papillae

Question 14

1st, 2nd, 3rd degree burns are characterized by___. What is the number one concern with burns?

Answer 14

1st = epidermal damage only
2nd = blisters
3rd = no edema or pain

-fluid loss

Question 15

What are the 2 layers of the dermis? What kinds of cells and tissues does it contain?

Answer 15

1. papillary = aerolar CT & blood vessels
   - contains capillaries, meissner’s corpuscles, free nerve endings
2. reticular layer = dense irregular CT

Question 16

Where is hyaline cartilage located in a long bone? (2)

Answer 16

• at the articular surface of epiphysis

- in the epiphyseal plate between epiphysis and diaphysis

Question 17

Fracture is a break in the ___.

Answer 17

diaphysis

Question 18

What are:
osteocytes (2)
osetoblasts
osteoclasts
monocytes

Answer 18

osteocytes = mature osteoblasts trapped in lacunae with canaliculi (projections); maintains bone matrix

osetoblasts = bone forming cells

osteoclasts = bone resorbing cells, break
down bone

monocytes = immature osteoclasts (many monocytes result in an osteoclast

Question 19

The structural unit of a compact bone is a __ and of a spongy bone is a ___.

Answer 19

compact = osteon
spongy = trabeculae

Question 20

What hormone increases blood ca levels?

Answer 20

parathyroid hormone

Question 21

What is formed in the red bone marrow?

Answer 21

RBC, WBC, platelets

Question 22

Adult diaphysis contains red or yellow bone marrow?

Answer 22

yellow

Question 23

Ca in matrix are called

Answer 23

hydroxyapatites

Question 24

Interstitial growth is growth in the ___ of the bones. It occurs in the ___ and ___.

Answer 24

length

• epiphyseal plate
• beneath the periosteum of diaphysis

Question 25

___ attach bone to bone. | ___ attach muscle to bone

Answer 25

``` ligaments = bone to bone tendon = bone to muscle ```

Question 26

Interstitial growth results from these 4 zones at the epiphyseal plate.

Answer 26

Question 27

Dense CT (sharpey's fibers) secrete ___

Answer 27

periosteum

Question 28

Osteoporosis is due to the lack of ___ in females, which would ___ OC activity.

Answer 28

Osteoporosis is due to the lack of estrogen in females, which would inhibit OC activity.

Question 29

when bone protrudes from skin when fractured it is called

Answer 29

open fracture

Question 30

Joints as syn/amphi/di arthrotic describes the ___ as a joint.

Answer 30

degree of movement

Question 31

What is synovial fluid? What does it contain?

Answer 31

filtrate of blood with hyalurochic acid?

Question 32

What do synovial joints contain? (7)

Answer 32

hyaline/articular cartilage, synovial cavity, articular capsle, synovial fluid, casular ligaments, rich nerve & blood supply

Question 33

Classification of synovial joints nonaxial uniaxial biaxial multiaxial

Answer 33

Question 34

lateral blow to extended knee breaks (3)

Answer 34

tedial collateral, medial meniscus, anterior cruciate

Question 35

A torn cartilage is a torn ___

Answer 35

meniscus

Question 36

Which joint is most likely to become dislocated?

Answer 36

shoulder

Question 37

an overstretch/tear of the ligaments is a ___ | overstetch of the muscle is a ___

Answer 37

an overstretch/tear of the ligaments = sprain | overstetch of the muscle = strain

Question 38

Tatoos are done in the ___ layer of the skin.

Answer 38

dermis

Question 39

plantar flexion handout

Question 40

pale skin is ___ | yellow skin is ___

Answer 40

pale skin is anemia | yellow skin is jaundice

Question 41

osteoclasts are ____ and have lots of ___ for the digestion of bones.

Answer 41

multinucleated, digestive enzymes

Question 42

What are the 5 functions of calcium?

Answer 42

``` Transmission of nerve impulses Muscle contraction Blood coagulation Secretion by glands and nerve cells Cell division ```

Question 43

Uric acid crystals are made from ___, so it is best to avoid red meat.

Answer 43

-made from nucleotides of DNA, red meats are skeletal muscles that are multinucleated

Question 44

Lyme disease is caused by ___ witch causes a ___ rash.

Answer 44

-ticks, bulls-eye

Question 45

What does vitamin D do?

Answer 45

help absorb Ca from gut into bones