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Science for Medicine > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

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1
Q

Which type of muscle does not contain striations?

A

Smooth muscle

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2
Q

What are striations in skeletal muscle caused by?

A

Sarcomeres

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3
Q

Where are calcium ions released from?

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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4
Q

What do the calcium ions bind to after being released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

Troponin

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5
Q

What are the 2 antagonistic groups of muscles that movement of a limb relies upon?

A

Flexors

Extensors

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6
Q

What is the name of the blocking protein that prevents muscle contraction?

A

Tropomyosin

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7
Q

When tropomyosin is removed, what is then exposed?

A

The actin binding sites

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8
Q

What is the definition of an isotonic twitch?

A

A contraction with shortening length

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9
Q

What is the definition of an isometric twitch?

A

A contraction with constant length

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10
Q

Tetanus is a state of what?

A

Extended contraction via the summation of APs

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11
Q

During tetanus, tropomyosin is always held in what state?

A

Non-blocking state

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12
Q

Fatigue is caused by what?

A

Repeated muscle stimulation

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13
Q

What are the two types of skeletal muscle fibre?

A

Oxidative fibres

Glycolytic fibres

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14
Q

Which type of skeletal muscle fibre has more mitochondria?

A

Oxidative fibres

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15
Q

Smooth muscle exists in what type of organs?

A

Hollow organs

GI tract

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16
Q

What does calcium bind to in smooth muscle contraction?

A

Calmodulin

17
Q

Relaxation in smooth muscle is brought about by what?

A

Myosin light chain phosphatase

18
Q

Why can contraction be held for longer in smooth muscle?

A

Due to the low rate of consumption of ATP

19
Q

What is skeletal muscle attached to bone by?

A

Tendons

20
Q

After injury, cells in muscles are replaced by what?

A

Satelitte cells

21
Q

What does striated muscle have repeating units of?

A

Sarcomeres

22
Q

What are the two main filaments of sarcomeres?

A

Myosin and actin

23
Q

What is the name of the thick filament of a sarcomere?

A

Myosin

24
Q

During contraction of a striated muscle, Which band/zone is reduced?

A

H band/zone

25
Q

What are motor units made of?

A

Motor neurones and muscle fibres

26
Q

What is the latent period?

A

The time before the excitation contraction starts

27
Q

What is the energy source required for contraction?

A

ATP

28
Q

What does muscle fatigue prevent?

A

Muscles using up vast amounts of ATP

29
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle fibre?

A

Slow oxidative
Fast oxidative
Fast glycolytic

30
Q

Which fibres are activated first?

A

Slow oxidative

31
Q

Which nervous system innervates smooth muscle?

A

ANS

32
Q

What is the main difference in the arrangements of filaments in smooth muscle compared to skeletal muscle?

A

The filaments are arranged diagonally in smooth muscle

33
Q

How does myosin light chain phosphatase relax smooth muscle?

A

Dephosphorylates X-bridges

34
Q

In single unit muscle cells, cells are linked by what?

A

Gap junctions

35
Q

Multiunit muscle cells dont respond to what?

A

Stretch

Science for Medicine (20 decks)

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