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Science for Medicine > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the average circulating volume in the typical adult male?

A

5 litres

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2
Q

Plasma is made of mostly what?

A

Water

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3
Q

What is plasma used to do?

A

Circulate biologically active molecules and compounds

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4
Q

What are the 3 categories of plasma proteins?

A

Albumin
Globulins
Fibrinogen and other clotting factors

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5
Q

What is the function of the red blood cell?

A

Needed to carry oxygen around the body

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6
Q

What is the name given to the shape a red blood cell?

A

Bi-concave

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7
Q

What are the 5 main types of white blood cell?

A 
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
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8
Q

Which type of white blood cell releases histamine and heparin?

A

Basophils

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9
Q

What can monocytes become?

A

Macrophages

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10
Q

Which leukocyte attacks pathogens too large for other leukocytes?

A

Eosinophils

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11
Q

What is the formation of platelets governed by?

A

Thrombopoietin

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12
Q

Platelets can mediate what?

A

Blood clotting

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13
Q

Define haematocrit?

A

Percentage of blood made of red blood cells

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14
Q

What can plasma proteins generate?

A

Oncotic pressure

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15
Q

What does interstitial fluid act as?

A

A fluid reservoir

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16
Q

The movement of fluid between capillary and interstitial space is subject to what?

A

Hydrostatic pressure

Colloid oncotic pressure

17
Q

What is hypoproteinaemia?

A

Abnormally low levels of circulating plasma protein

18
Q

What is a common characteristic of hypoproteinaemia?

A

Oedema - due to loss of oncotic pressure

19
Q

What is the name given to red blood cell formation?

A

Erythropoiesis

20
Q

What is the name given to an immature RBC?

A

Erythroblast

21
Q

When is the secretion of erythropoietin enhaned?

A

When oxygen delivery to kidneys is reduced (hypoxia)

22
Q

Which type of WBC form the first line of defence?

A

Neutrophils

23
Q

When does the number of eosinophils increase rapidly?

A

During an allergic response

24
Q

What do basophils release?

A

Histamine and heparin

25
Q

Where has a macrophage migrated from?

A

Blood to connective tissue

26
Q

What are lymphocytes constituents of?

A

Adaptive immune system

27
Q

What is the name given to WBC formation?

A

Leukopoiesis

28
Q

What is leukopoiesis controlled by?

A

Cytokines

29
Q

what do cytokines stimulate in leukopoiesis?

A

Mitosis

Maturation of leukocyte

30
Q

What is the formation of platelets governed by?

A

Thrombopoietin

31
Q

What is the viscosity a measure of?

A

How thick/sticky blood is compared to water

Science for Medicine (20 decks)

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