Foundations in Immunology

Question 1

Where are B-cells produced?

Answer 1

In the bone marrow

Question 2

What do the B-cells do?

Answer 2

Produce antibodies

Question 3

What do antibodies do?

Answer 3

Tag antigens

Question 4

What is the name of the highly specific immune system?

Answer 4

Adaptive immune system

Question 5

What immune system is the basis of vaccination?

Answer 5

Adaptive immune system

Question 6

What immune system are macrophages linked to?

Answer 6

Innate immune system

Question 7

What is the body’s first line of defence?

Answer 7

Innate immune system

Question 8

When are the macrophages activated?

Answer 8

When pathogens attack

Question 9

What do macrophages do when activated during attack?

Answer 9

Give off chemical signals

Question 10

What do the chemicals given off by the macrophages do?

Answer 10

Constrict blood flow from the injury site

Question 11

What happens when the chemical signals from macrophages are given off?

Answer 11

Other monocytes join to help

Question 12

Where are MHC class 1 cells found?

Answer 12

All nucleated cells

Question 13

What response do class 1 MHC cells give off?

Answer 13

Cytotoxic response

Question 14

Class 2 MHC cells are found where?

Answer 14

Only on APCs

Question 15

Where are immune responses initiated?

Answer 15

Secondary lymphoid organs

Question 16

Where are macrophages made?

Answer 16

In the bone marrow

Question 17

When macrophages encounter a pathogen, what do they give off?

Answer 17

Chemical signals

Question 18

What do the chemicals given off by macrophages do?

Answer 18

Constrict blood flow of blood leading away from the injury site

Question 19

Where are neutrophils normally found?

Answer 19

In the blood

Question 20

What do eosinophils combat?

Answer 20

Parasites

Question 21

What occurrence causes anaphylactic shock?

Answer 21

When a mast cells dumps its granule contents on a parasite to kill it, an allergic reaction within the body

Question 22

What does the complement system consist of?

Answer 22

20 individual proteins

Question 23

What is the function of a cytokine?

Answer 23

To communicate with other cells

Question 24

What is the main function of the spleen?

Answer 24

A blood filter

Question 25

What is the name given to cytotoxic T-cells?

Answer 25

CD8+ cells

Question 26

What response does a T-cell have to produce to survive in positive selection?

Answer 26

A strong response to a self-antigen produced

Question 27

In negative selection, which T-cells die?

Answer 27

Those with a high affinity to a self-MHC presented to it

Question 28

Where are MHC1s found?

Answer 28

On virtually all nucleated cells

Question 29

What does an MHC1 present to a CD8+ T-cell?

Answer 29

Virally induced peptides

Question 30

Where are MHC2 cells found?

Answer 30

On antigen-presenting cells

Question 31

What is the main job of a T-helper cell?

Answer 31

To direct and activate other immune cells

Question 32

What do Tc cells release?

Answer 32

Perforin