Foundations in Immunology Flashcards
Where are B-cells produced?
In the bone marrow
What do the B-cells do?
Produce antibodies
What do antibodies do?
Tag antigens
What is the name of the highly specific immune system?
Adaptive immune system
What immune system is the basis of vaccination?
Adaptive immune system
What immune system are macrophages linked to?
Innate immune system
What is the body’s first line of defence?
Innate immune system
When are the macrophages activated?
When pathogens attack
What do macrophages do when activated during attack?
Give off chemical signals
What do the chemicals given off by the macrophages do?
Constrict blood flow from the injury site
What happens when the chemical signals from macrophages are given off?
Other monocytes join to help
Where are MHC class 1 cells found?
All nucleated cells
What response do class 1 MHC cells give off?
Cytotoxic response
Class 2 MHC cells are found where?
Only on APCs
Where are immune responses initiated?
Secondary lymphoid organs
Where are macrophages made?
In the bone marrow
When macrophages encounter a pathogen, what do they give off?
Chemical signals
What do the chemicals given off by macrophages do?
Constrict blood flow of blood leading away from the injury site
Where are neutrophils normally found?
In the blood
What do eosinophils combat?
Parasites
What occurrence causes anaphylactic shock?
When a mast cells dumps its granule contents on a parasite to kill it, an allergic reaction within the body
What does the complement system consist of?
20 individual proteins
What is the function of a cytokine?
To communicate with other cells
What is the main function of the spleen?
A blood filter
What is the name given to cytotoxic T-cells?
CD8+ cells
What response does a T-cell have to produce to survive in positive selection?
A strong response to a self-antigen produced
In negative selection, which T-cells die?
Those with a high affinity to a self-MHC presented to it
Where are MHC1s found?
On virtually all nucleated cells
What does an MHC1 present to a CD8+ T-cell?
Virally induced peptides
Where are MHC2 cells found?
On antigen-presenting cells
What is the main job of a T-helper cell?
To direct and activate other immune cells
What do Tc cells release?
Perforin
