How nerves work Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main sub-divisions of the nervous system?

A

Brain
Spinal Cord
Peripheral nerves

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2
Q

What does the soma of a nerve contain?

A

The nucleus

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3
Q

What are dendrites of nerves used for?

A

An important route for information from other neurones

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4
Q

What does the axon of a nerve do?

A

Takes the AP elsewhere

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5
Q

What are the neurones typical resting membrane potential?

A

Around -70mV

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6
Q

What does the axon hillock do?

A

Triggers the action potential

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7
Q

What do the afferent neurones carry?

A

Sensory information

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8
Q

What do oligodendrocytes form in the CNS?

A

Glia

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9
Q

What do neurones exist to send?

A

Electrical signals

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10
Q

What do action potentials transmit?

A

Signals over long distances

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11
Q

What decides when an AP should be fired?

A

Graded potentials

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12
Q

What does the resting membrane potential rely on?

A

The permeability of the membrane to K+ ions

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13
Q

If the RMP is reduced, what is the cell doing?

A

Depolarising

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14
Q

If more K channels were to open, what would happen to the cell?

A

It would hyperpolarise

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15
Q

Where are endplate potentials found?

A

The NMJ

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16
Q

Why can graded potentials only work very locally?

A

They are decremental

17
Q

What is required for long distance transmission?

A

Action Potentials

18
Q

To hyperpolarise a postsynaptic potential, what channels can be opened?

19
Q

Give 2 examples of IPSPs

A

GABA and glycine

20
Q

Ligand-gated ion channels can produce what?

A

Postsynaptic potentials

21
Q

Voltage-gated ion channels can produce what?

A

Depolarisation of the membrane potential

22
Q

Action potentials are only fired when?

A

When the threshold is reached

23
Q

What are action potentials mediated by?

A

Voltage-gated channels

24
Q

Where does myelin originate from?

A

Schwan cells

Oligodendrocytes

25
Myelination allows what?
Nerve impulses to move quicker
26
Name the most known de-myelinating disease
Multiple sclerosis
27
Where is the AP triggered to contract muscle?
Sarcolemma
28
What is primarily opened following an AP in the motor neurone?
Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in presynaptic terminal
29
Where does ACh diffuse across in the NMJ?
The synaptic cleft
30
What does tetrodotoxin block in the NMJ?
Na+ channels | Action potential
31
What do anticholinesterases block in the NMJ?
ACh breakdown
32
What is ACh inactivated by?
Breakdown
33
The NMJ is always a what cell?
Motorneurone-muscle cell
34
What is the collective name for the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems?
Autonomic nervous system