Muscle Physiology 1-2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 specific properties of muscle

A
  1. Contractility
  2. Excitability
  3. Extensibility
  4. Elasticity
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2
Q

The ability to contract or shorten

A

Contractility

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3
Q

the capacity to receive and respond to stimulus

A

excitability

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4
Q

the ability to be streched

A

Extensibility

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5
Q

The ability to return to original shape after being streched

A

Elasticity

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6
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle

A
  1. Skeletal
  2. Smooth
  3. Cardiac
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7
Q

List the levels of organization of skeletal muscle from outside in.

A
  1. Epimysium
  2. Fascicle
  3. Perimysium
  4. Endomysium
  5. sarcolema
  6. Muscle fibers
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8
Q

What are the 2 types of muscle fibers?

A
  1. Red/Type I/ Slow twich

2. White/ Type II/ Fast twitch

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9
Q

The basic contractile unit of striated muscle fibers

A

Sarcomeres

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of myofilaments?

A
  1. Actin (thin)

2. Myosin (thick)

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11
Q

Specialized ER found in muscle cells

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

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12
Q

What is the function of SR?

A

Regulate Calcium storage, release, and reuptake

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13
Q

T/F. the SR is bigger in Red muscle

A

F. Larger in White muscle

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14
Q

T/F. Red muscle has more mitochondria than white.

A

T

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15
Q

Allow the PM of the muscle fiber to carry the depolarization of the AP to the interior of the fiber

A

T-Tubules

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16
Q

Junction between a nerve fiber and muscle cell

A

Neuromuscular junction

17
Q

The diffusion potential level across a memb. that exactly opposes the net diffusion of a particular ion through the memb.

A

Nerst potential

18
Q

What are the 3 forces that cause diffusion of molecules and ions through a CM?

A
  1. Net diffusion rate
  2. Nerst Potential
  3. Pressure diff.
19
Q

What is the resting potential fo nerve fibers when not transmitting signals?

20
Q

What are the 3 factors that determine resting potential?

A
  1. diffusion of K through the nerve cell memb.
  2. diffusion of Na through the nerve cell memb.
  3. Contribution of the Na/K pump
21
Q

What allows K to diffuse out of the cell?

A

K leak channels

22
Q

What allows Na to diffuse out of cell?

A

Na leak channels

23
Q

T/F. the memb. is far less permeable to Na than K.

24
Q

What is the most important contributor to resting potential?

A

K diffusion

25
How many ions of sodium and potassium does the Na/K pump pump in and out of the cell?
2K ions in | 3Na ions out
26
how are nerve signals transmitted?
AP
27
Rapid changes in the memb. potential that spread rapidly along the nerve fiber memb.
AP
28
What are the 3 stages of an AP?
1. Resting 2. depolarizing 3. repolarizing
29
Moment before AP begins
Resting stage
30
Stage of AP where a threshold for the initiation of the AP has been achieved.
Depolarization state
31
During depolarization is the memb. potential rising in the positive or negative direction?
positive
32
How does the massive Na influx occur?
Voltage-Gated sodium channels
33
Stage of AP after the memb. becomes highly permeable to Na ions, and the Na channels begin to close
Repolarization
34
What channels open during the repolarization stage?
voltage gated K channels
35
Re-establishment of the normal negative resting potential
Repolarization
36
What is the Refractory period?
A new AP cannot occur in an excitable fiber as long as the memb. is still depolarized from the preceding AP
37
the period during which an second AP cannot be elicited
Absolute Refractory Period