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Physiology 1 > Endocrine Pancreas Part 1 > Flashcards

Endocrine Pancreas Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Symptoms associated with Diabetus Mellitus

A
  1. hyperglycemia
  2. PU/PD
  3. Polyphagia
  4. Wt. loss
  5. Cataract
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2
Q

Symptoms associated with Insulinoma

A
  1. Hypoglycemia

2. Seizures

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3
Q

What is glucagonoma?

A

insulin resistance

diabetes mellitus

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4
Q

What are the clinical signs of glucagonoma?

A

severe wt. loss

superficial necrolytic dermatitis

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5
Q

2 parts of the pancrease

A
  1. exocrine

2. endocrine

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6
Q

types of cells in the exocrine pancrease

A

acinar cells and duct cells

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7
Q

part of pancreas involved in GI function and secrets enzymes int the lumen of the duodenum

A

exocrine

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8
Q

Part of the pancrease that is organized in islets of langerhans

A

Endocrine pancrease

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9
Q

What are the 4 hormone prodlucing cells of the endocrine pancreas and what do they produce?

A
  1. Alpha- glucagon
  2. Beta- insulin
  3. Delta- Somatostatin
  4. F cell- Pancreatic polypeptide
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10
Q

What is the most common cell type of the endocrine pancreas

A

Beta cells

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11
Q

A polypeptide hormone produced by beta cells in response to hyperglycemia

A

insulin

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12
Q

insulin consists of 2 chains, alpha and beta, conected by:

A

2 disulfide bridges

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13
Q

T/F porcine and canine insulin are exactly the same

A

T

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14
Q

T/F Bovine insulin differs from a cat by 10 AA

A

F 1 AA

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15
Q

Stimuli for Insulin secretion

A
  1. GI hormones (gastrin, secretin, GIP
  2. Acetylcholine
  3. Glucose (omnivors)
  4. AA (Carnivors)
  5. Fatty acids
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16
Q

inhibitors for insulin secretion

A
  1. Somatostatin
  2. Epinephrine
  3. Norepinephrine
    4 Glucagon
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17
Q

What stimulates Insulin release in omnivors

A

Glucose

18
Q

What stimulstes Insulin release in carnivors

A

AA

19
Q

What transporter is in the membrane of Beta cells that release insulin?

A

Glucose transporter (GLUT2)

20
Q

How does GLUT2 on the membrane of Beta cells work to inc. insulin?

A
  1. allows glucose to diffuse freely into cell

2. extracellular fluid glucose conc. leads to insulin secretion and synthesis

21
Q

What are the 2 phases of insulin secretion?

A
  1. acute phase

2. chronic phase

22
Q

What is the acute phase of insulin secretion

A

involves the release of preformed insulin

23
Q

What is the chronic phase of insulin secretion?

A

involves the synthesis of protein

24
Q

Specific membrane receptor for insulin

A

RTK

25
Q

3 types of insulin sensitive tissue:

A
  1. liver
  2. muscle
  3. fat
26
Q

The net effect of inslulin is to:

A

lower blood conc. of glucose, Fatty Acids, and AA

27
Q

Insulin promotes the intracellular conversion of these 3 compounds:

A
  1. Glycogen
  2. Triglycerides
  3. proteins
28
Q

How does insulin effect carbohydrate metabolism in the liver

A

Inc. glycogen synthesis

dec. glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

29
Q

How does insulin effect lipid metabolism in the liver?

A

inc. lipogenesis (dec. lipolysis)

30
Q

Where do we store glycogen in the body?

A

liver and muscle

31
Q

How does inslulin effect protein metabolism in the liver

A

dec. gluconeogenesis

32
Q

How does insulin effect carbohydrate metabolism in m.?

A

inc. glucoses transport and inc. glycogen synthesis

dec. glycogenolysis

33
Q

the production of glucose using other sources other than glucose or glycogen?

A

gluconeogenesis

34
Q

How does insulin effect protein metabolism in M.?

A

inc. AA uptake and inc. protein synthesis (dec. protein degradation)

35
Q

How does insulin effect carbohydrate metabolism in fat?

A

inc. glucose transport and inc. glycogen synthesis (dec. glycogenolysis_

36
Q

How does insulin effect lipid metabolism in fat?

A

inc. lipogenesis (dec. lipolysis)

37
Q

T/F. Insulin facilitates glucose entry into cells by inc. the number of specific GLUT4 in the cell memb.

A

T

38
Q

Which Glucose transporter is specifically insulin sensitive?

A

GLUT 4

39
Q

Which GLUT is found on the liver?

A

GLUT 2

40
Q

Which GLUT is found on the heart?

A

GLUT 4

41
Q

Which GLUT is found in muscle and fat?

A

GLUT 4

Physiology 1 (11 decks)

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