Exam 3 CVS 9-11 Flashcards
List 5 things governed by intrinsic factors?
- Frank- starlin mechanism (length- tension relationship)
- Preload
- Afterload
- Contractility
- HR
SV x HR=
CO
What are the 2 categories of extrinsic factors affecting the CVS?
- Neural control
2. Humoral control
A positive Ionotropic effect \_\_\_\_\_\_ A. Inc. contractility B. Dec. contractility C. Inc. HR D. Dec. HR
A. inc. contractility
A positive chronotropic effect ______
a. inc. contractility
b. Dec. contractility
c. Inc. HR
d. Dec. HR
c. inc. HR
Where are Beta 1 receptors found?
SA node, AV node, myocardial cells
Where are Beta 2 receptors found?
arterioles of coronaries and arterioles of skeletal muscle
What is the function of Beta 1 receptors?
Inc. HR, SV, and CO
What is the function of Beta 2 receptors?
Vasodilation
What is the function of M2 receptors?
opp. Beta 1
slows discharge of SA node, slows AV node, dec. atrial and ventricular contractility
What is the function of M3 receptors?
vasodilation
The normal inc. in HR during inspiration and dec. during expiration
Respiratory sinus arrythmia
Which hormone induces secretionn of Aldosterone and causes vasodilation?
a. ANP
b. Cortisol
c. Angiotensin II
d. Angiotensin I
c. Angiotensin II
What are the 5 vasoconstrictor agents in humoral control?
- Catecholamines
- Angiotensin II
- Vasopressin (ADH)
- Endothelin-1 (ET1)
- Thromboxane A2 (TXA2)
What are the 3 vasodilator agents in humoral control?
- Nitric Oxide (NO)
- Histamine
- Bradykinin
What are the 3 types of pores found in capillaries?
- Tight junctions
- Gap junctions
- Fenestrated
Where is the pressure greater?
a. Aterial bed
b. venous bed
a. arterial bed
Which of the following options has the greater cross sectional area?
a. Arteries
b. capillaries
c. veins
b. capillaries
Which of the following options has the slowest speed of blood flow?
a. arteries
b. capillaries
c. veins
b. capillaries
Which of the following options has the greatest compliance?
a. arteries
b. veins
b. veins
What is the major role of a capillary?
a. dumping of blood pressure
b. exchange of nutrients and waste products
b. exchange
Terminal arterioles
metarterioles
opens or closes the entrance of capillaries
precapillary sphincter
intermittent contraction of metarterioles and precapillary sphincters
vasomotion
junctions that only allow tiny molecules to pass?
Tight
junctions that allow most dissolved substances to pass?
gap
junctions that allow large amounts of small molecules and ionic substances to pass?
fenestrated
What is the most important factor effecting the degree of opening and closing of metarterioles?
O2
Large amts. of free interstitial fluid
EDEMA
the movement of water from capillary plasma into the interstitial fluid
filtration
The movement of water into a capillary
Reabsorption
Pressure that drives fluid out of the capillaries into the interstitial space?
Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure (Pc)
The pressure that opposes filtration
Interstitial fluid pressure (Pif)
The pressure created by plasma proteins, will cause fluids to be sucked inside capillary.
Capillary oncotic pressure
The pressure that favors filtration
Interstitial fluid oncotic pressure
The water permeability of the capillary wall
hydraulic conductance
The greater the total peripheral resistance (____); the greater the _____
a. vasodilation, blood flow
b. vasodilation, MAP
c. vasoconstriction, Blood flow
d. Vasoconstriction, MAP
d. vasoconstriction, MAP
What determines the vascular resistance of an organ?
Diameter of its arterioles
What are the 2 phases of local blood flow control?
- Acute control
2. Long-term control
The most imortant local control mech.
Metabolic control of blood flow
How does metabolic control of blood flow work?
Tissues tend to inc. their BF when metabolic rate inc.
List the 5 substances involved in metabolic control of BF.
- CO2
- Adenosine
- Histamine
- K+
- Lactic Acid (H+)
What is active hyperemia?
increase in blood flow in response to an inc. in metabolic rate
What is reactive hyperemia?
When the blood flow to a tissue is blocked for a short period then unblocked, blood flow will inc.
What is the medical term used for restriction of Blood supply to tissues?
a. Analgesia
b. Ischemia
c. Icterus
d. Infarction
b. Ischemia
Neural and hormonal influences in cardiovascular system are considered:
a. intrinsic factors
b. extrinsic factors
b. extrinsic factors
The intrinsic ability of an organ to maintain a constant blood flow despite changes in perfusion pressure.
Blood Flow Autoregulation
T/F Blood flow autoregulation is dependent on neural and hormonal influences.
F. Independent of neural and hormonal influences
Which drug blocks PDE-5 and prolongs vasodilation mediated by NO?
a. sildenafil (viagra)
b. Phenylephrine (nasal decongestant)
A viagra
the control of blood flow over a period of hours, days, and weeks.
Long term control
What are the 3 types of long term BF control?
- Angiogenesis
- Collateral circ.
- Vascular remodeling
The formation of new vascularity
Angiogenesis
The alternate circulation around a blocked artery or vein via another pathe
Collateral circ.
The active process of altering structure and arrangement in blood vessels through cell growth, cell death, cell migration, and production or degradation of the ECM
Vascular remodeling
