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Physiology 1 > Exam 3 CVS 9-11 > Flashcards

Exam 3 CVS 9-11 Flashcards

1
Q

List 5 things governed by intrinsic factors?

A
  1. Frank- starlin mechanism (length- tension relationship)
  2. Preload
  3. Afterload
  4. Contractility
  5. HR
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2
Q

SV x HR=

A

CO

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3
Q

What are the 2 categories of extrinsic factors affecting the CVS?

A
  1. Neural control

2. Humoral control

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4
Q 
A positive Ionotropic effect \_\_\_\_\_\_
A. Inc. contractility
B. Dec. contractility
C. Inc. HR
D. Dec. HR
A

A. inc. contractility

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5
Q

A positive chronotropic effect ______

a. inc. contractility
b. Dec. contractility
c. Inc. HR
d. Dec. HR

A

c. inc. HR

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6
Q

Where are Beta 1 receptors found?

A

SA node, AV node, myocardial cells

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7
Q

Where are Beta 2 receptors found?

A

arterioles of coronaries and arterioles of skeletal muscle

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8
Q

What is the function of Beta 1 receptors?

A

Inc. HR, SV, and CO

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9
Q

What is the function of Beta 2 receptors?

A

Vasodilation

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10
Q

What is the function of M2 receptors?

A

opp. Beta 1

slows discharge of SA node, slows AV node, dec. atrial and ventricular contractility

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11
Q

What is the function of M3 receptors?

A

vasodilation

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12
Q

The normal inc. in HR during inspiration and dec. during expiration

A

Respiratory sinus arrythmia

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13
Q

Which hormone induces secretionn of Aldosterone and causes vasodilation?

a. ANP
b. Cortisol
c. Angiotensin II
d. Angiotensin I

A

c. Angiotensin II

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14
Q

What are the 5 vasoconstrictor agents in humoral control?

A
  1. Catecholamines
  2. Angiotensin II
  3. Vasopressin (ADH)
  4. Endothelin-1 (ET1)
  5. Thromboxane A2 (TXA2)
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15
Q

What are the 3 vasodilator agents in humoral control?

A
  1. Nitric Oxide (NO)
  2. Histamine
  3. Bradykinin
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16
Q

What are the 3 types of pores found in capillaries?

A
  1. Tight junctions
  2. Gap junctions
  3. Fenestrated
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17
Q

Where is the pressure greater?

a. Aterial bed
b. venous bed

A

a. arterial bed

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18
Q

Which of the following options has the greater cross sectional area?

a. Arteries
b. capillaries
c. veins

A

b. capillaries

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19
Q

Which of the following options has the slowest speed of blood flow?

a. arteries
b. capillaries
c. veins

A

b. capillaries

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20
Q

Which of the following options has the greatest compliance?

a. arteries
b. veins

A

b. veins

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21
Q

What is the major role of a capillary?

a. dumping of blood pressure
b. exchange of nutrients and waste products

A

b. exchange

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22
Q

Terminal arterioles

A

metarterioles

23
Q

opens or closes the entrance of capillaries

A

precapillary sphincter

24
Q

intermittent contraction of metarterioles and precapillary sphincters

A

vasomotion

25
Q

junctions that only allow tiny molecules to pass?

A

Tight

26
Q

junctions that allow most dissolved substances to pass?

A

gap

27
Q

junctions that allow large amounts of small molecules and ionic substances to pass?

A

fenestrated

28
Q

What is the most important factor effecting the degree of opening and closing of metarterioles?

A

O2

29
Q

Large amts. of free interstitial fluid

A

EDEMA

30
Q

the movement of water from capillary plasma into the interstitial fluid

A

filtration

31
Q

The movement of water into a capillary

A

Reabsorption

32
Q

Pressure that drives fluid out of the capillaries into the interstitial space?

A

Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure (Pc)

33
Q

The pressure that opposes filtration

A

Interstitial fluid pressure (Pif)

34
Q

The pressure created by plasma proteins, will cause fluids to be sucked inside capillary.

A

Capillary oncotic pressure

35
Q

The pressure that favors filtration

A

Interstitial fluid oncotic pressure

36
Q

The water permeability of the capillary wall

A

hydraulic conductance

37
Q

The greater the total peripheral resistance (____); the greater the _____

a. vasodilation, blood flow
b. vasodilation, MAP
c. vasoconstriction, Blood flow
d. Vasoconstriction, MAP

A

d. vasoconstriction, MAP

38
Q

What determines the vascular resistance of an organ?

A

Diameter of its arterioles

39
Q

What are the 2 phases of local blood flow control?

A
  1. Acute control

2. Long-term control

40
Q

The most imortant local control mech.

A

Metabolic control of blood flow

41
Q

How does metabolic control of blood flow work?

A

Tissues tend to inc. their BF when metabolic rate inc.

42
Q

List the 5 substances involved in metabolic control of BF.

A
  1. CO2
  2. Adenosine
  3. Histamine
  4. K+
  5. Lactic Acid (H+)
43
Q

What is active hyperemia?

A

increase in blood flow in response to an inc. in metabolic rate

44
Q

What is reactive hyperemia?

A

When the blood flow to a tissue is blocked for a short period then unblocked, blood flow will inc.

45
Q

What is the medical term used for restriction of Blood supply to tissues?

a. Analgesia
b. Ischemia
c. Icterus
d. Infarction

A

b. Ischemia

46
Q

Neural and hormonal influences in cardiovascular system are considered:

a. intrinsic factors
b. extrinsic factors

A

b. extrinsic factors

47
Q

The intrinsic ability of an organ to maintain a constant blood flow despite changes in perfusion pressure.

A

Blood Flow Autoregulation

48
Q

T/F Blood flow autoregulation is dependent on neural and hormonal influences.

A

F. Independent of neural and hormonal influences

49
Q

Which drug blocks PDE-5 and prolongs vasodilation mediated by NO?

a. sildenafil (viagra)
b. Phenylephrine (nasal decongestant)

A

A viagra

50
Q

the control of blood flow over a period of hours, days, and weeks.

A

Long term control

51
Q

What are the 3 types of long term BF control?

A
  1. Angiogenesis
  2. Collateral circ.
  3. Vascular remodeling
52
Q

The formation of new vascularity

A

Angiogenesis

53
Q

The alternate circulation around a blocked artery or vein via another pathe

A

Collateral circ.

54
Q

The active process of altering structure and arrangement in blood vessels through cell growth, cell death, cell migration, and production or degradation of the ECM

A

Vascular remodeling

Physiology 1 (11 decks)

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