Endocrine Pancreas Part 1 COPY Flashcards
Symptoms associated with Diabetus Mellitus
- hyperglycemia
- PU/PD
- Polyphagia
- Wt. loss
- Cataract
Symptoms associated with Insulinoma
- Hypoglycemia
2. Seizures
What is glucagonoma?
insulin resistance
diabetes mellitus
What are the clinical signs of glucagonoma?
severe wt. loss
superficial necrolytic dermatitis
2 parts of the pancrease
- exocrine
2. endocrine
types of cells in the exocrine pancrease
acinar cells and duct cells
part of pancreas involved in GI function and secrets enzymes int the lumen of the duodenum
exocrine
Part of the pancrease that is organized in islets of langerhans
Endocrine pancrease
What are the 4 hormone prodlucing cells of the endocrine pancreas and what do they produce?
- Alpha- glucagon
- Beta- insulin
- Delta- Somatostatin
- F cell- Pancreatic polypeptide
What is the most common cell type of the endocrine pancreas
Beta cells
A polypeptide hormone produced by beta cells in response to hyperglycemia
insulin
insulin consists of 2 chains, alpha and beta, conected by:
2 disulfide bridges
T/F porcine and canine insulin are exactly the same
T
T/F Bovine insulin differs from a cat by 10 AA
F 1 AA
Stimuli for Insulin secretion
- GI hormones (gastrin, secretin, GIP
- Acetylcholine
- Glucose (omnivors)
- AA (Carnivors)
- Fatty acids
inhibitors for insulin secretion
- Somatostatin
- Epinephrine
- Norepinephrine
4 Glucagon
What stimulates Insulin release in omnivors
Glucose
What stimulstes Insulin release in carnivors
AA
What transporter is in the membrane of Beta cells that release insulin?
Glucose transporter (GLUT2)
How does GLUT2 on the membrane of Beta cells work to inc. insulin?
- allows glucose to diffuse freely into cell
2. extracellular fluid glucose conc. leads to insulin secretion and synthesis
What are the 2 phases of insulin secretion?
- acute phase
2. chronic phase
What is the acute phase of insulin secretion
involves the release of preformed insulin
What is the chronic phase of insulin secretion?
involves the synthesis of protein
Specific membrane receptor for insulin
RTK
3 types of insulin sensitive tissue:
- liver
- muscle
- fat
The net effect of inslulin is to:
lower blood conc. of glucose, Fatty Acids, and AA
Insulin promotes the intracellular conversion of these 3 compounds:
- Glycogen
- Triglycerides
- proteins
How does insulin effect carbohydrate metabolism in the liver
Inc. glycogen synthesis
dec. glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
How does insulin effect lipid metabolism in the liver?
inc. lipogenesis (dec. lipolysis)
Where do we store glycogen in the body?
liver and muscle
How does inslulin effect protein metabolism in the liver
dec. gluconeogenesis
How does insulin effect carbohydrate metabolism in m.?
inc. glucoses transport and inc. glycogen synthesis
dec. glycogenolysis
the production of glucose using other sources other than glucose or glycogen?
gluconeogenesis
How does insulin effect protein metabolism in M.?
inc. AA uptake and inc. protein synthesis (dec. protein degradation)
How does insulin effect carbohydrate metabolism in fat?
inc. glucose transport and inc. glycogen synthesis (dec. glycogenolysis_
How does insulin effect lipid metabolism in fat?
inc. lipogenesis (dec. lipolysis)
T/F. Insulin facilitates glucose entry into cells by inc. the number of specific GLUT4 in the cell memb.
T
Which Glucose transporter is specifically insulin sensitive?
GLUT 4
Which GLUT is found on the liver?
GLUT 2
Which GLUT is found on the heart?
GLUT 4
Which GLUT is found in muscle and fat?
GLUT 4
