Endocrine Pancreas Part 1 COPY

Question 1

Symptoms associated with Diabetus Mellitus

Answer 1

1. hyperglycemia
2. PU/PD
3. Polyphagia
4. Wt. loss
5. Cataract

Question 2

Symptoms associated with Insulinoma

Answer 2

1. Hypoglycemia

2. Seizures

Question 3

What is glucagonoma?

Answer 3

insulin resistance

diabetes mellitus

Question 4

What are the clinical signs of glucagonoma?

Answer 4

severe wt. loss

superficial necrolytic dermatitis

Question 5

2 parts of the pancrease

Answer 5

1. exocrine

2. endocrine

Question 6

types of cells in the exocrine pancrease

Answer 6

acinar cells and duct cells

Question 7

part of pancreas involved in GI function and secrets enzymes int the lumen of the duodenum

Answer 7

exocrine

Question 8

Part of the pancrease that is organized in islets of langerhans

Answer 8

Endocrine pancrease

Question 9

What are the 4 hormone prodlucing cells of the endocrine pancreas and what do they produce?

Answer 9

1. Alpha- glucagon
2. Beta- insulin
3. Delta- Somatostatin
4. F cell- Pancreatic polypeptide

Question 10

What is the most common cell type of the endocrine pancreas

Answer 10

Beta cells

Question 11

A polypeptide hormone produced by beta cells in response to hyperglycemia

Answer 11

insulin

Question 12

insulin consists of 2 chains, alpha and beta, conected by:

Answer 12

2 disulfide bridges

Question 13

T/F porcine and canine insulin are exactly the same

Answer 13

T

Question 14

T/F Bovine insulin differs from a cat by 10 AA

Answer 14

F 1 AA

Question 15

Stimuli for Insulin secretion

Answer 15

1. GI hormones (gastrin, secretin, GIP
2. Acetylcholine
3. Glucose (omnivors)
4. AA (Carnivors)
5. Fatty acids

Question 16

inhibitors for insulin secretion

Answer 16

1. Somatostatin
2. Epinephrine
3. Norepinephrine
   4 Glucagon

Question 17

What stimulates Insulin release in omnivors

Answer 17

Glucose

Question 18

What stimulstes Insulin release in carnivors

Answer 18

AA

Question 19

What transporter is in the membrane of Beta cells that release insulin?

Answer 19

Glucose transporter (GLUT2)

Question 20

How does GLUT2 on the membrane of Beta cells work to inc. insulin?

Answer 20

1. allows glucose to diffuse freely into cell

2. extracellular fluid glucose conc. leads to insulin secretion and synthesis

Question 21

What are the 2 phases of insulin secretion?

Answer 21

1. acute phase

2. chronic phase

Question 22

What is the acute phase of insulin secretion

Answer 22

involves the release of preformed insulin

Question 23

What is the chronic phase of insulin secretion?

Answer 23

involves the synthesis of protein

Question 24

Specific membrane receptor for insulin

Answer 24

RTK

Question 25

3 types of insulin sensitive tissue:

Answer 25

1. liver 2. muscle 3. fat

Question 26

The net effect of inslulin is to:

Answer 26

lower blood conc. of glucose, Fatty Acids, and AA

Question 27

Insulin promotes the intracellular conversion of these 3 compounds:

Answer 27

1. Glycogen 2. Triglycerides 3. proteins

Question 28

How does insulin effect carbohydrate metabolism in the liver

Answer 28

Inc. glycogen synthesis | dec. glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

Question 29

How does insulin effect lipid metabolism in the liver?

Answer 29

inc. lipogenesis (dec. lipolysis)

Question 30

Where do we store glycogen in the body?

Answer 30

liver and muscle

Question 31

How does inslulin effect protein metabolism in the liver

Answer 31

dec. gluconeogenesis

Question 32

How does insulin effect carbohydrate metabolism in m.?

Answer 32

inc. glucoses transport and inc. glycogen synthesis | dec. glycogenolysis

Question 33

the production of glucose using other sources other than glucose or glycogen?

Answer 33

gluconeogenesis

Question 34

How does insulin effect protein metabolism in M.?

Answer 34

inc. AA uptake and inc. protein synthesis (dec. protein degradation)

Question 35

How does insulin effect carbohydrate metabolism in fat?

Answer 35

inc. glucose transport and inc. glycogen synthesis (dec. glycogenolysis_

Question 36

How does insulin effect lipid metabolism in fat?

Answer 36

inc. lipogenesis (dec. lipolysis)

Question 37

T/F. Insulin facilitates glucose entry into cells by inc. the number of specific GLUT4 in the cell memb.

Answer 37

T

Question 38

Which Glucose transporter is specifically insulin sensitive?

Answer 38

GLUT 4

Question 39

Which GLUT is found on the liver?

Answer 39

GLUT 2

Question 40

Which GLUT is found on the heart?

Answer 40

GLUT 4

Question 41

Which GLUT is found in muscle and fat?

Answer 41

GLUT 4