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Fundamentals Of Living Cells > Muscle Contraction > Flashcards

Muscle Contraction Flashcards

1
Q

How long are skeletal muscle cells?

A

30cm

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2
Q

What are skeletal muscle cells made up of and why do they have lots of nuclei?

A

Lots of myoblasts joined together

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3
Q

Why are skeletal and cardiac muscle stripy?

A

Due to contractile proteins

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4
Q

Name the three types of muscle

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

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5
Q

How many nuclei does cardiac and smooth muscle cells have?

A

One

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6
Q

Give examples of smooth muscle

A

Arteries
Gut
Bladder
Reproductive organs

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7
Q

Why isn’t smooth muscle stripy?

A

The contractile proteins aren’t arranged in a logical pattern

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8
Q

What is contraction?

A

The interaction between actin and myosin

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9
Q

What is contraction fuelled by?

A

ATP and Ca2+

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10
Q

Whats a group of bundles called in a muscle?

A

Fascicle

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11
Q

What’s the thick strand in muscles?

A

Myosin

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12
Q

What’s the thin strand in muscles?

A

Actin

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13
Q

What’s the I band in muscles comprised of?

A

Only actin

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14
Q

What’s the A band in muscles comprised of?

A

Only myosin

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15
Q

What’s the stuff between two z discs called?

A

Sarcomere

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16
Q

What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

Complex, convoluted store of calcium

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17
Q

What does troponin C bind to?

A

Calcium

18
Q

What does troponin T bind to?

A

Tropomyosin

19
Q

What can block a certain site on actin where myosin would interact?

A

2 disc formed of alpha actin in

20
Q

What are the two important regions on the myosin head?

A

Binding domain

ATPase

21
Q

What does the binding domain in a myosin head do?

A

Interacts with the active cycloactin

22
Q

What does the ATPase in a myosin head do?

A

Hydrolysed the ATP->ADP

23
Q

What is binding in between myosin and actin?

A

Myosin cross bridge bonds to an actin molecule

24
Q

What is the power stroke in muscle contraction?

A

Cross bridge bends, pulling thin myofilament forwards

25
Q

What is detachment in muscle contraction?

A

Cross bridge detaches at end of power stroke and returns to OG conformation

26
Q

Write out the muscle contraction cycle

A

Binding, power stroke, detachment, binding (but in more detail)

27
Q

What happens when ATP binds to myosin

A

Detachment of myosin from actin, cross bridge dissociates

28
Q

What happens when ATP hydrolysis occurs in muscle contraction

A

Myosin head is cocked

29
Q

What does calcium do in muscle contraction

A

Binds to troponin which binds to tropomyosin which pulls tropomyosin out the way allowing the myosin and actin to interact

30
Q

What happens to [Ca2+] when nicotinic AchR is bound by an agonist?

A

Causes massive depolarisation down the T tubules

31
Q

How does the depolarisation happen in the T tubules in skeletal muscle?

A

DMP proteins that physically interact with a calcium release channel in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (RYR)

32
Q

What does DMP stand for?

A

Dihydropyridine

33
Q

What does RYR stand for?

A

Ryanodine receptor

34
Q

How does the depolarisation happen in the T tubules in cardiac muscle?

A

When the cell is stimulated, the DHP receptor changes conformation alters the RYR causing calcium to be released

35
Q

What does CICR stand for?

A

Calcium induced calcium release

36
Q

How does smooth muscle contract?

A

Wring out like a tea towel

37
Q

How does calcium get released in smooth muscle?

A

Either receptor mediated diffusion or the production of a diffusible messenger called inocytrial disphosphate

38
Q

What is inocytrial disphosphate made from?

A

A membrane lipid, broken down down through a number of enzyme steps which leads to a calcium release

39
Q

Is there troponin in smooth muscle?

A

No

40
Q

Does tropomyosin interact with the myosin binding sites in smooth muscle?

A

No

41
Q

Go draw a table that has skeletal cardiac and smooth along the top and T tubules, arranged myofilaments, calcium sensor and contraction mechanism along the side and fill it out

A

Skeletal. Cardiac. Smooth
T tubules ✅. ✅. ❌

Arranged ✅. ✅. ❌
Myofilaments

Calcium troponin. Calmodulin
sensor

Contraction. Removal of MLCK
mechanism. Tropomyosin.

Fundamentals Of Living Cells (41 decks)

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