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Fundamentals Of Living Cells > Fundamental Principles Of Cellular Signalling > Flashcards

Fundamental Principles Of Cellular Signalling Flashcards

1
Q

Where are electrical synapses found?

A

Endothelial cells
Cardiac myocytes
Epithelia

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2
Q

Which of the chemical synapses give the slow and which gives the fast response

A 
Slow= G protein coupled receptors
Fast= ligand gated ion channel receptors
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3
Q

What are the 4 types of cellular control receptors?

A

Ligand gated
G protein coupled
Tyrosine kinase linked
Nuclear

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of ion channels?

A

Voltage gated

Ligand gated

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5
Q

What are the 3 types of transporters?

A

Exchange
Symporters
AntiPorter s

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6
Q

What is an ion channel?

A

Proteinaceous pores that are basically holes through the membrane

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7
Q

Give the key features of ion channels (4)

A
  • Aqueous pore connecting internal and external media
  • gating mechanism that opens the pore
  • High transfer rate (movement of many ions leads to a recordable current)
  • selective permeability ( preference of one type of an ion over another
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8
Q

What’s a permeant ion?

A

The nature of ion that passes through the channel protein

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9
Q

What is a gating mechanism?

A

The nature of molecular mechanisms that open the ion pathway

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10
Q

Give examples of voltage gated channels (4)

A

Na+ channel
Ca2+ channel
K+ channel
Cl- channel

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11
Q

Give (3) examples of ligand gated channels

A

Neurotransmitter receptor
Ca2+ activated k+ channel
Cyclic nucleotide gated channel

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12
Q

What is an agonist?

A

Drug that binds to a receptor and elicits a biological response

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13
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

Drug that blocks the action of an agonist compound, commonly by binding to a receptor without eliciting a biological response

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14
Q

What is a partial agonist?

A

An agonist drug that produces a biological effect, but never the maximal of which the tissue is capable- partial agonists possess antagonistic properties

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15
Q

What is an inverse agonist?

A

An agonist that produces an opposing biological response to that observed by a full agonist

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16
Q

What is affinity?

A

The ability of a drug molecules to bind to a receptor site

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17
Q

What is efficacy?

A

Ability of a drug to elicit a biological response from a drug receptor intermediate

18
Q

Give another name for a ligand gated ion channel

A

Ionotropic receptor

19
Q

Give the (BASIC) steps in a ligand gated ion channel

A

Agonist binds to a cell surface receptor
Channel opens
Positive or negative charges come in and cause hyperpolarisation or depolarisation
Causes a pharmacological effect

20
Q

What time frame does a ligand gated ion channel work in?

A

Super quick (milliseconds)

21
Q

Give an example of a ligand gated ion channel

A

Nicotinic AchR

22
Q

Give another name for a g-protein coupled receptor

A

Metabotropic

23
Q

What is activation?

A

The pharmalogical effect of a drug

24
Q

What are the types of bonding that are used in agonist bonding?

A

Hydrogen
Ionic
Van der waals
Covalent bonding

25
Q

What does k1 stand for (receptors)?

A

Association rate

26
Q

What does k-1 stand for (receptors)?

A

Dissociation rate

27
Q

What’s the law of mass action as related to agonists and receptor

A

[Agonist]+[receptor] [ agonist receptor complex]

28
Q

What is the law of mass action definition

A

The reversibility of binding is dependant on concentration of the reactants involved

29
Q

What does an increase in agonist lead to?

A

Increase in agonist receptor complexes. There comes a point where are the receptors in the cells are filled (saturation point)

30
Q

What is kd a measure of affinity

A

Conc of the drug where 50% of max number of receptors are bound by the drug

31
Q

What does a lower kd mean for affinity?

A

Higher affinity

32
Q

What is bmax?

A

Max number of receptors bound by drug

33
Q

Define potency

A

Concentration of drug needed for effect. Lower conc = higher potency

34
Q

What is the potency and efficacy of fentanyl?

A

High potency and efficacy

35
Q

What is the potency and efficacy of morphine?

A

Kinda potent but highly efficacious

36
Q

What is the potency and efficacy of aspirin?

A

Not very potent or efficacious

37
Q

What is a drug for treatment of opioid addiction?

A

Burenorphine

38
Q

What does burprenorphine do?

A

Reduces withdrawal effects

Reduces addictive highs

39
Q

What molecules are competitive and non-competitive antagonism similar to

A

Enzymes

40
Q

What happens if you overdose on opioids?

A

Respiratory depression

41
Q

What is naloxone?

A

Competitive antagonist to oppose and has a stronger affinity to the receptors so good for treating opioid overdose

Fundamentals Of Living Cells (41 decks)

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