Fundamental Principles Of Cellular Signalling Flashcards

1
Q

Where are electrical synapses found?

A

Endothelial cells
Cardiac myocytes
Epithelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which of the chemical synapses give the slow and which gives the fast response

A
Slow= G protein coupled receptors
Fast= ligand gated ion channel receptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 4 types of cellular control receptors?

A

Ligand gated
G protein coupled
Tyrosine kinase linked
Nuclear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 types of ion channels?

A

Voltage gated

Ligand gated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 3 types of transporters?

A

Exchange
Symporters
AntiPorter s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is an ion channel?

A

Proteinaceous pores that are basically holes through the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Give the key features of ion channels (4)

A
  • Aqueous pore connecting internal and external media
  • gating mechanism that opens the pore
  • High transfer rate (movement of many ions leads to a recordable current)
  • selective permeability ( preference of one type of an ion over another
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What’s a permeant ion?

A

The nature of ion that passes through the channel protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a gating mechanism?

A

The nature of molecular mechanisms that open the ion pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give examples of voltage gated channels (4)

A

Na+ channel
Ca2+ channel
K+ channel
Cl- channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Give (3) examples of ligand gated channels

A

Neurotransmitter receptor
Ca2+ activated k+ channel
Cyclic nucleotide gated channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an agonist?

A

Drug that binds to a receptor and elicits a biological response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

Drug that blocks the action of an agonist compound, commonly by binding to a receptor without eliciting a biological response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a partial agonist?

A

An agonist drug that produces a biological effect, but never the maximal of which the tissue is capable- partial agonists possess antagonistic properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an inverse agonist?

A

An agonist that produces an opposing biological response to that observed by a full agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is affinity?

A

The ability of a drug molecules to bind to a receptor site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is efficacy?

A

Ability of a drug to elicit a biological response from a drug receptor intermediate

18
Q

Give another name for a ligand gated ion channel

A

Ionotropic receptor

19
Q

Give the (BASIC) steps in a ligand gated ion channel

A

Agonist binds to a cell surface receptor
Channel opens
Positive or negative charges come in and cause hyperpolarisation or depolarisation
Causes a pharmacological effect

20
Q

What time frame does a ligand gated ion channel work in?

A

Super quick (milliseconds)

21
Q

Give an example of a ligand gated ion channel

A

Nicotinic AchR

22
Q

Give another name for a g-protein coupled receptor

A

Metabotropic

23
Q

What is activation?

A

The pharmalogical effect of a drug

24
Q

What are the types of bonding that are used in agonist bonding?

A

Hydrogen
Ionic
Van der waals
Covalent bonding

25
What does k1 stand for (receptors)?
Association rate
26
What does k-1 stand for (receptors)?
Dissociation rate
27
What’s the law of mass action as related to agonists and receptor
[Agonist]+[receptor] [ agonist receptor complex]
28
What is the law of mass action definition
The reversibility of binding is dependant on concentration of the reactants involved
29
What does an increase in agonist lead to?
Increase in agonist receptor complexes. There comes a point where are the receptors in the cells are filled (saturation point)
30
What is kd a measure of affinity
Conc of the drug where 50% of max number of receptors are bound by the drug
31
What does a lower kd mean for affinity?
Higher affinity
32
What is bmax?
Max number of receptors bound by drug
33
Define potency
Concentration of drug needed for effect. Lower conc = higher potency
34
What is the potency and efficacy of fentanyl?
High potency and efficacy
35
What is the potency and efficacy of morphine?
Kinda potent but highly efficacious
36
What is the potency and efficacy of aspirin?
Not very potent or efficacious
37
What is a drug for treatment of opioid addiction?
Burenorphine
38
What does burprenorphine do?
Reduces withdrawal effects | Reduces addictive highs
39
What molecules are competitive and non-competitive antagonism similar to
Enzymes
40
What happens if you overdose on opioids?
Respiratory depression
41
What is naloxone?
Competitive antagonist to oppose and has a stronger affinity to the receptors so good for treating opioid overdose