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ANATOMY > MUSCLE > Flashcards

MUSCLE Flashcards

1
Q

List the 3 types of muscle and where they are found

A

Skeletal - attatched to skeleton
smooth - walls of vessels and organs
cardiac - heart and circulatory system

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2
Q

Give features of cardiac muscles

A

Have straitons and branching fibres
Involuntary
Have intercollating discs that transmit electrical impusles

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3
Q

Give features of smooth muscles

A

Involuntary
mononucleate in centre of cell
no straitons
move substances

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4
Q

give features of skeletal muscles

A

voluntary
long fibres
multinucleate - at periphery

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5
Q

What attaches a muscle to a bone

A

tendon

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6
Q

what are fassicles in skeletal muscle

A

bundle of fibres

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7
Q

What forms tendons

A

dense connective tissue

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8
Q

Muscles of the same compartment are usually supplied by the same ____

A

nerve

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9
Q

What is a synergist

A

Performs same joint movement as an agonist

Stabilise muscle movements and control safety

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10
Q

what is the purpose of fixator muscles

A

Stabilise the joint they are attached to so it can move efficiently without dislocation
eg. rotator cuff

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11
Q

what are the 3 membranes of connective tissue

A

outer - epimysium
middle - perimysium
inner - endomysium

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12
Q

what is an aponeurosis

A

flat, thin tendon

eg. anterior of abdominal obliques

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13
Q

what bones and joints does the biceps branchii innervate

A

bones- radius and scapula

joints - elbow and shoulder

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14
Q

what bones and joint (1) does the brachioradialis innervate

A

bones - radius and humerus

joint - elbow

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15
Q

what happens to a joint when the muscle contracts?

A

Joint is flexed

bones become closer together

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16
Q

what happens to the antagonist muscle when the agonist muscle contracts?

A

it extends - bones further apart

17
Q

what is the function of a ligament?

A

connect bone to bone

18
Q

What is the function of the diaphragm and how does the shape help this?

A

dome - shaped (descends on contraction ) to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity during inspiration

19
Q

what is a motor unit

A

muscle fibres and neurones

20
Q

What features help to identify muscles

A

cross straitons
number of nuclei
shape/ position of nuclei
branching fibres

21
Q

What is a cutaneous nerve

A

The skin overlying muscles is supplied by cutaneous branches of nerves from the branchial plexus supplying the muscles

22
Q

What is a dermatome

A

The joined up strip of skin supplied by fibres coming from only one single spinal nerve

23
Q 
What are the following dermatomes;
C5- T1
T2 
T4
T10
L1
A 
C5- T1 - arms
T2 - sternal angle
T4 - nipple
T10 - umbilicus
L1 - inguinal region
24
Q

what is myelin

A

fatty white substance surrounding axons forming an insulating layer

25
Q

What is the endoneurium

A

layer of delicate connective tissue around myelin

26
Q

What is the perineurium

A

bundles of fibres within own sheath

27
Q

What is the epineurium

A

Large nerves around sheath

28
Q

what does the ventral ramus supply

A

anterolateral trunk and upper/ lower limbs - - skin, muscle and bone
eg. intercostal, obliques and rectus abdominas

29
Q

what does the dorsal ramus supply

A

posterior trunk - skin muscle and bone

eg. erector spinae

30
Q

what is contained in a dorsal root ganglion

A

cell body

31
Q

where do the dorsal and ventral roots join to form mixed spinal nerve

A

intervertebral forearm

32
Q

where do the 12 intercostal nerves lie

A

in the 12 ribs

33
Q

What do the 6 lower intercostal nerves also supply (T7 - T12)

A

abdominal wall

34
Q

Outline the 31 pairs of spinal nerves

A 
8 cervical 
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
35
Q

Which fibres are distributed in the Rami

A

sensory AND motor

36
Q

Which fibres are distributed in the Roots

A

sensory OR motor

ANATOMY (15 decks)

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