MUSCLE Flashcards
List the 3 types of muscle and where they are found
Skeletal - attatched to skeleton
smooth - walls of vessels and organs
cardiac - heart and circulatory system
Give features of cardiac muscles
Have straitons and branching fibres
Involuntary
Have intercollating discs that transmit electrical impusles
Give features of smooth muscles
Involuntary
mononucleate in centre of cell
no straitons
move substances
give features of skeletal muscles
voluntary
long fibres
multinucleate - at periphery
What attaches a muscle to a bone
tendon
what are fassicles in skeletal muscle
bundle of fibres
What forms tendons
dense connective tissue
Muscles of the same compartment are usually supplied by the same ____
nerve
What is a synergist
Performs same joint movement as an agonist
Stabilise muscle movements and control safety
what is the purpose of fixator muscles
Stabilise the joint they are attached to so it can move efficiently without dislocation
eg. rotator cuff
what are the 3 membranes of connective tissue
outer - epimysium
middle - perimysium
inner - endomysium
what is an aponeurosis
flat, thin tendon
eg. anterior of abdominal obliques
what bones and joints does the biceps branchii innervate
bones- radius and scapula
joints - elbow and shoulder
what bones and joint (1) does the brachioradialis innervate
bones - radius and humerus
joint - elbow
what happens to a joint when the muscle contracts?
Joint is flexed
bones become closer together
what happens to the antagonist muscle when the agonist muscle contracts?
it extends - bones further apart
what is the function of a ligament?
connect bone to bone
What is the function of the diaphragm and how does the shape help this?
dome - shaped (descends on contraction ) to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity during inspiration
what is a motor unit
muscle fibres and neurones
What features help to identify muscles
cross straitons
number of nuclei
shape/ position of nuclei
branching fibres
What is a cutaneous nerve
The skin overlying muscles is supplied by cutaneous branches of nerves from the branchial plexus supplying the muscles
What is a dermatome
The joined up strip of skin supplied by fibres coming from only one single spinal nerve
What are the following dermatomes; C5- T1 T2 T4 T10 L1
C5- T1 - arms T2 - sternal angle T4 - nipple T10 - umbilicus L1 - inguinal region
what is myelin
fatty white substance surrounding axons forming an insulating layer
