JOINTS Flashcards
what is a joint?
Union between 2 or more rigid compartments (bone or cartilage)
what gives a joint stability?
shape of articulating surfaces
Fibrous capsule and ligaments
muscles that surround the joing
Define Hilton’s law
the nerve supplying a muscle that crosses a certain joint, also supplys an organ or other body part with nerves
what are anastomoses?
branching of blood vessels that connect again
Allows bloodflow to follow different paths
what is a benefit of anastomoses?
during joint movement some vessels may compress so parts of tissue may not get blood supple
what is contained in fibrous joints?
dense fibrous connective tissue
Are fibrous joints strong?
yes , high tensile strength
What is movement of fibrous joints like in adults?
little movement
Give examples of fibrous joints and what they do
sutures - found in skull, immovable
gomphmoses - where teeth articulate with socket
syndesmoses - bones held together by interosseous membrane
describe the structure of primary cartilaginous joints
bone - hyaline cartilage - bone
describe the structure of secondary cartilaginous joints
bone - hyaline cartilage - fibrous cartilage - hyaline cartilage - bone
Describe primary cartilaginous joints
allow bone growth
immovable
eg. epiphyseal growth plate
Describe secondary cartilaginous joints
occur in midline of the body
don’t ossify with age
eg. pubic symphysis
List the structural characteristics of synovial joints
Outer fibrous capsule
Inner synovial cavity containing synovial fluid (bursae)
synovial membrane on inside of fibrous capsule
supporting ligament
List the types of synovial joints with examples
hinge- elbow - flexion/ extension only
pivot- between atlas and axis - rotation
ball and socket - hip joint
plane- acromioclavicular and zygaphophysial - sliding
saddle - carpometacarpal (trapezium + first metacarpal)
condylar - meracarpophalangeal joint - flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction
