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Criminal Psychology > Murder > Flashcards

Murder Flashcards

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1
Q

What is homicide?

A

Directly or indirectly, by any means, causing the death of a human being.

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2
Q

What is murder?

A

Homicide where the person who causes the death of a human being means to cause his death, or means to cause him bodily harm that he knows is likely to cause his death, and is reckless whether death ensues or not.

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3
Q

What is 1st degree murder?

A

Murder which is planned and deliberate; or when the victim is a peace officer, or where death occurred in the commission of an offence.

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4
Q

What is 2nd degree murder?

A

Is all murder that is not 1st degree murder.

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5
Q

What is manslaughter?

A

Homicide where the person who committed it did so in the heat of passion

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6
Q

What is infanticide?

A

Killing of a child by a parent.

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7
Q

What is the most common violent crime?

A

Assault

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8
Q

What are the three levels of assault?

A

1) Assault with weapon or causing bodily harm
2) Aggravated assault
3) other assaults

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9
Q

What are “other assaults?”

A

Assault on a peace officer, unlawfully causing bodily harm, discharge of firearm with intent etc.

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10
Q

What are traits of a juvenile homicide offender?

A
  • Single victim, mostly male
  • Parent is rarely the victim
  • Firearms and gun play
  • Severe educational difficulties
  • Lack of parental monitoring
  • High rates of family abuse
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11
Q

What are the 6 steps in the dynamic cascade model?

A

1) Adverse neighbourhood or family conditions
2) Harsh discipline or poor parental monitoring
3) Conduct problems early in school
4) Peer rejection / academic failure
5) Deviant peer associations
6) Persistent antisocial or violent behaviour

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12
Q

What is clinical approached profiling?

A
  • Case focused
  • Analysis of evidence gathered
  • Single offender based on material
  • Experience, training, subjectivity
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13
Q

What is the actuarial approach in profiling?

A
  • Groups of offenders who have committed
    similar crimes.
  • Accumulated data from behavioural pattern
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14
Q

What is a threat assessment?

A

Determine the validity and seriousness of a threat being carried out by a person or group.

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15
Q

What is a risk assessment?

A

Estimating the probability that a particular person will harm the self or others

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16
Q

What is Kim Rossmo’s Four hunting patterns (geographical profiling)?

A
  • Hunter
  • Poacher
  • Troller
  • Trapper
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17
Q

What is the basic flaws of profiling?

A
  • Assume human behaviour is consistent
    across different situations
  • Assume that offence style of evidence
    gathered is related to personality character
  • Predictions are ambiguous and unverifiable
  • Confirmation bias
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18
Q

What are the three different forms of multiple murder?

A

1) Serial murder
2) Spree murder
3) Mass murder

19
Q

What is serial murder?

A
  • An individual who kills 2 or more victims in
    distinctly separate events
  • premeditated and planned
  • cooling off period
20
Q

What is spree murder?

A
  • An individual who kills 3 or more victims
    without a cooling off period
  • Usually two or more locations
  • Could be serial or multiple murders
21
Q

What is mass murder?

A
  • Killing four or more at a single location with
    no cooling off period.
  • Classic & Family types
22
Q

What is a classic type mass murder?

A

Perpetrator enters location and randomly kills

23
Q

What is a family type mass murder?

A
  • At least three family members are killed
  • Perpetrator is often another family member
  • Sometimes end up in mass murder/ suicide
24
Q

What is the prevalence on serial murders?

A

No accurate data on prevalence

25
Q

What are typical victim selections for serial murders?

A
  • Vulnerability
  • Easy availability
  • Often not noticed missing
  • Strangers
26
Q

With serial murders, what are the psychological motives?

A
  • No one causal factor
  • Media attention
  • Not impulsive (deliberate and premeditated)
  • Sexual gratification
  • Most not delusional / psychotic
27
Q

What are the Holmes & Deburger’s typology of serial murderes? (4)

A
  • Visionary
  • Mission-Oriented
  • Hedonistic
  • Power/ Control
28
Q

What is the visionary typology?

A

Motivated by perceived external factors (visions or voices) which direct violence towards a particular groups of people. (homosexuals, prostitutes, etc)

29
Q

What is the mission-oriented typology?

A

Personally chooses a group of people that needs to be destroyed.

30
Q

What is the Hedonistic typology?

A

Derive pleasure and excitement from the suffering of others (lust / thrill / gain)

31
Q

What is the power/control typology?

A

Satisfaction comes from control over the life or death of another.

32
Q

Google

A

Cottingham case. <— graphic

33
Q

What are characteristics of female serial killers?

A 
- 34 Documented in history, only 1/3 kill 
  strangers.
- Actively murder longer than males
- Motives often material gain
- Method is often poison or pill OD
- Health care worker killings
34
Q

Common forms of serial murders in females are?

A
  • Angel of mercy (kill someone to help them
    such as health care killings)
  • Black Widow (kill lovers to get something like
    cheques or claims.)
35
Q

What are the perpetrator characteristics of a mass murderer?

A
  • Perceive life as a failure
  • Interest in guns
  • Socially isolated
  • Plan to die at scene (Ex: death by cop)
36
Q

What are the crime characteristics of a mass murderer?

A
  • Triggered by significant loss
  • Carefully planned
  • Deliberate targets
37
Q

What is Fox’s & Levin’s (2003) typology of mass murderers?

A
  • Revenge
  • Power
  • Loyalty
  • Profit
  • Terror
38
Q

What are common types of school violence?

A
  • Assault (simple, aggravated)
  • Robbery
  • Sexual assault
  • Shootings
39
Q

What are the myths about school shootings?

A
  • School violence is an epidemic
  • All school shooters are alike
  • School shooter is always a loner
  • School shootings are motivated by revenge
  • Easy access to weapons is a significant factor
  • Unusual behaviours or interests are hallmarks
    of violent students
40
Q

What are some school shooter characteristics?

A
  • Peer rejection
  • Social rejection
  • Lack of protective factors
  • Cruelty to animals
  • Interest in guns and other weaponry
  • Planned attacks
  • Intentions made known to others
41
Q

What are “protective factors?”

A
  • Cognitive developments
  • Coping mechanisms
  • Social abilities / supports
42
Q

What are some psychological characteristics of school shooters?

A

Social rejection (bullying/teasing) PLUS:

  • Psych problems (depression, antisocial)
  • Interest in guns / weapons
  • Fascination with death
43
Q

What are the different forms of school violence / bullying behaviours?

A

1) Physical (Hitting, spitting kicking, punching
pushing, taking personal items)
2) Name calling, taunting, teasing, verbal
threats.
3) Spreading rumours, social exclusion,
extortion, intimidation.

Criminal Psychology (17 decks)

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