Lecture 7

Question 0

What are four broad areas of service to offenders?

Answer 0

1. Assessment and classification
2. Direct treatment
3. Development and evaluation
4. Consultation

Question 1

What are the characteristics of criminal offenders?

Answer 1

• peer rejection / deficits in social skills
• antisocial behaviour
• academic difficulties
• poly substance abuse
• criminal versatility
• stimulus seeking / prone to boredom

Question 2

In a study by Clements and Boothby, what are the usual disorders/ issues that are treated?

Answer 2

Depression, anger, psychosis, anxiety, adjustment issues, CBT therapies.

Question 3

What is the history of offender treatment?

Answer 3

60’s - some treatment; behavioural treatment
70’s - “nothing works”
80’s - certain things work!

Question 4

What decreases reoffending? Services or sanctions?

Answer 4

Services

Question 5

What are the things that work for lowering reoffending?

Answer 5

1. Services
2. Basic principles: risk, need,responsivity
3. Effective behaviour change using correctional practices
4. Program integrity

Question 6

What is the recidivism percentage with service?

Answer 6

12% reduction in reoffending

Question 7

What is the percentage of recidivism with sanction?

Answer 7

3% increase in offending

Question 8

What do you need a balance of in programs?

Answer 8

Risk management (containing risk) 
Risk reduction (reducing risk)

Question 9

What is the risk principle?

Answer 9

Intensity of treatment should be the same intensity as their level of risk.

Question 10

What is a static risk factor?

Answer 10

Age, sex, criminal history.

Question 11

What is a dynamic factor? (Changeable)

Answer 11

• substance use
• peer associations
• attitudes

Question 12

What are the “big four” in major risk factors?

Answer 12

1. Criminal history
2. Antisocial cognitions
3. Antisocial peers
4. Antisocial personality

Question 13

What are the central 8 in major risk factors?

Answer 13

Big four plus…

5. Family/ marital relationship
6. School/ work
7. Leisure/ recreation
8. Substance abuse

Question 14

What are the two components in the responsivity principle?

Answer 14

General

Specific

Question 15

What is general responsivity?

Answer 15

Use of cognitive, behavioural, and social learning interventions are associated with a reduction in recidivism.

Question 16

What is specific responsivity?

Answer 16

Suggests to adapt to the mode of intervention to accommodate the unique characteristics of the individual.

Question 17

What are the interaction skills?

Answer 17

• relationship practices
• dealing with resistance
• effective reinforcement
• effective disapproval
• effective use of authority

Question 18

What are the intervention skills?

Answer 18

Anti-criminal modeling
Skill building
Problem-solving
Cognitive restructuring

Question 19

What are the stages of change?

Answer 19

Pre-contemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Lapse/ relapse